ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cost –Effectiveness of the nurses role in antenatal care programmer Implementation in Mosul city
Pregnancy is not a disease, but it is a normal physiological process , it is associated with certain risks to health . Healthy survival of both the woman and the infant she bears is the aim of good antenatal care. Antenatal care is a preventive method of care it has been shown to be beneficial and cost effective for a pregnant woman who receives in an adequate antenatal care otherwise more complications and poorer outcomes of pregnancy will appear. The cost of no A.N.C provided to a pregnant woman is substantially high with increased rates of complena complications like pre-eclampsia low birth weight infants both premature and growth retarded and prenatal deaths. The present study aims to evaluate the cost–effectiveness of the current antenatal care provided by the nurse . A descriptive observational study was conducted in AL-Hadba primary health care center Mosul city from 1st of March to 30 April 2004, The study include 2 groups first (group A) examine by the doctor only ( antenatal care without nursel . The doctor completed all information on the pregnant assessment card and physical examination for (100 women) measuring the time need by the doctor to complete this information in first and follow up visit .While was (2-7) min second (Group B) in antenatal care unit the investigator completed the information of pregnant card, gave advice and prepared (50 pregnant women) for physical examination. The time needed for the nurse to complete the information of pregnant card was (2-7) min. Analysis of the information in (pregnancy assessment card) indicate non-significant differences in the information gained by both the doctor and the nurse , but the time spend by nurse could compensate that needed by the doctors for better services and (full pregnant assessment and healthily education). Aiming at reducing the complications such as hypertension which is most prevalent is one example of the cost –effectiveness of the squeal for missing a case of hypertension that will may be end in caesarean section is presented as (a case study). In conclusion antenatal care should be appointed to a specialized nursing college graduate Nurse should be appointed in every antenatal care clinic to fulfill their nursing role during the reception & follow up of pregnant women who consulted the antenatal care the investigator thinks that it is very cost effectiveness to fulfill
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_168460_3271040c7367e61eeb71d68f5fb416f9.pdf
2021-07-04
138
153
10.33899/mjn.2021.168460
cost
Nurses
antenatal care
Yusra
Ismael
1
Master of science in nursing Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Ahmed
2
Master of science in nursing Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
AUTHOR
Adele pilliteri, (1999): Maternal and child Health Nursing, 3rd ed. Philadelphia. New york. Balpimore 222-250, 393-395.
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Ahmed F; McRae J.A; Ahmed N, (1990): Factors associated with not receiving adequate prenatal care 14, 107-123.
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AUGUSTA. BURNS; etal, (1997): WHERE WOME HAVE No Doctor. 66-76.
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Brown MA; Hague WM; Higgins J, (2000); THE DETECTION INVESTIGATION & MANAGEMENT of Hypertension IN PREGNANCY. 139-155.
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Devonport C,L (1996): support for pregnant woman who wist to stop smoking. Nursing time, 92 (10), 36.
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Hildingsso Ingegere; UII Waldens Trom; and Ingelaradest AD (2002): Acta Abstetric and Gynecology, second (Internet) 81, 118-125.
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Hunt J.M; Lumley J. (2000): Are recommendation about routine antenatal care and evidence-based 255-259.
7
INGEGERE HILDINGSSO; ULL WALDENS TROM;and INGELARADESTAD (2002): Actaabstetric& Gynecology, second 81, 118-125 (Internet)
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Internet (2004): Graduate Courses.5.
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Jacquelyn compbell; Janice Humphrys, (1993): NURSING CARE OF SURVIVORS OF FAMILY VIOLENCE; Mosby company 159.
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Leebov W. (1991): The Quality Quest: A briefing for Health Care Professionals.
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Leona A. Mourad, (1992): Aerican Nursing Rewiew for NCLEX-PN, Print in united states of American 111.
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Lulu A.AlNuaim MD; etal (1998): ANNALS of saudi Medicine . v-18 No. 3-269.
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McCaw Binns; Lacrenade J; Ashley D, (1995): underusers of Antenetal care: acomparsion of non attenders social science and Medicine 40 1003-1012.
14
Michael D; Humphrey and susan M; keating, (2004) Journal of obstric and Gynecology 10-13 (Internet).
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Nolan M.L, (1997): Antenatal education-where nest ? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25 (6).
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O’graty; Tim porter, (1994): The nurse manager’s Problem Solver.77.
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Poulette D. Rollant; J. Yce J. Hamlin; Karen A. Piotrowski, (2001): MATERNAL-CHILD NURSING, 2nd ed. Mosby Company. 19.
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Peter zwifel; friedrichreyer, (1997): health Economic oxford, New york 270-288.
19
Unicef (1997) unicef at aglance. New york : unicef Oct. 15.
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Unicef (1993) facts for life WHO. North Africa-Eastern Mediterranean Regional office. Jordan: Aman. Q.
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Villar J. ; Bergsjop, (1997): scintificbasisfor content of routine antenatal care. Actaobstetric& Gynecology 76-.1-14.
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Wilson L; Gold smith p. (1995): Quality management in health care, sydney. 229-1258.
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W.H.O. (1996): Eclampasia Module. Genva 2.
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W.H.O (1994 ) a: care of mother and baby at the health center apractical guide. Geneva. 8-9.
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W.H.O (1994 ) c: Cost-analysis in primary health care. Geneva. 67.
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W.H.O (1991): Maternal and perinatal infections practical guide. Geneva 3-7.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Women's Knowledge and Information about Family Planning at Al-Kansaa and Al-Salam Hospital In Mosul City
Family planning services have potential in China to improve people's lives and economic well-being. Family planning methods have a temporary effect after which the ability to conceive and give birth returns to normal. Contraception can be used based on the desire of both spouses to delay childbearing and to ensure the health of the mother and the fetus, (2013.http://alghad.com). The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of women's perceptions about family planning, and a descriptive study was conducted of (100) married women of childbearing at Al-Khansa Hospital and Al-Salam Teaching Hospital in the city of Mosul, the study results were that most of the Tamm were aged 35 years or more. They forgot about (40%), and female employees the most use of family planning methods by (8%). The study showed that women's knowledge about the female condom was Btseh (19%) and the condom with ballast (27%) by the official intrauterine device, intramuscular injection and the contraceptive pill got the same percentage (41 96), and this indicates that women do not have information about these Means and accordingly, the researchers recommend increasing the eastern revolutions for women and the feature of housewives about the importance of family planning, educating women about family planning methods and the importance of each method and the urge to call, and from the periodic review to the Ummah Planning Center and from the scheduled appointments, with the aim of rationing the health risks for mothers that occur in the timetable and frequent work of the bile Characteristic of very young and old age groups, planning the mortality rate of newborns and providing more opportunity for the mother to remain and breastfeed for a long time
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_168518_f0ef811270aeff4a93282e970e86b599.pdf
2021-07-04
154
166
10.33899/mjn.2021.168518
Family Planning
at Al-Kansaa and Al-Salam Hospital
Yusra
Ismael
1
Master of science in nursing Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Ahmed
2
Master of science in nursing Directorate of Health, Mosul, Iraq
AUTHOR
Bereson, A.B. etal., (1997). American Journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 176(3), 586.
1
Cromere, B.A., etal., (1996). A prospective comparison of bone density in adolescent girl receiving depot medrox-yprogesteron acetate (Depo-provera) levonorgenstrel (Norplant), or oral contraceptives Journal of Pediatrics , 129(5), 671.
2
Hatcher, R.A., etal., (1998). Contraceptive technology (17th ed.) New York : Irvington.
3
Haugen, M.M., etal., (1996). Patient satisfaction with a levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implant. Journal of Reproductive medicine 41(11), 849.
4
Rosenbery, J.J, etal., (1997). A comparison of "U" and standard techniques for Norplant removal obstetrics and gynecology , 89, (2), 168.
5
Speroff, L., and Darney, P.D. (1996). A clinical guide for contraception (2nd ed.) Baltimore : Williams and Wilkins.
6
https://alghad.com.2013
7
https://www.wikipediawho.int.2018/02/08.
8
https://www.sexandeduca.2016.
9
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Health Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease among Elementary School Teachers at AL-Rusafa Side in Baghdad City
Aims: This study aimed at assess health beliefs about cardiovascular disease among elementary school teachers at AL-Rusafa Side in Baghdad City. Methods: A quantitative descriptive research used to test the approach to questionnaire items was conducted on teachers at elementary schools in Baghdad city from September 26th 2020 to May 30th 2021 to examine their health belief model related cardio vascular diseases. A total of 350 primary school instructors were included in the study. They are chosen using non-probability sampling (convenience sample). Data was collection through the use of a questionnaire and self report. Through the application the descriptive statistic, data were analyzed. Results: Findings reveals that 233(66.6%) of teachers have unhealthy belief about cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Two third of teachers have unhealthy belief Models regarding cardiovascular diseases, unhealthy belief in susceptibility, severity & barriers domain. Initiate training sessions to educate teachers about risk factors, signs and symptoms of CVD. Key-wards: Health Beliefs, Cardiovascular Disease, Teachers.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_168519_3f97163d01528c9a6750f7a2158917a3.pdf
2021-07-19
167
174
10.33899/mjn.2021.168519
Health Beliefs
Cardiovascular disease
teachers
Faris
Ahmed
fares.tareq1206a@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
1
1Academic Nurse, Ministry of Health/ Baghdad Health Directorate, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Arkan
Naji
arkan_nagi_web2009@yahoo.com
2
Community Health Nursing,College of Nursing,University of Baghdad,Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Ahmed, F.T. & Arkan Bahlol Naji. (2021). Assessment of Health Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease and its relation to Some Social Variables among Elementary School Teachers in Baghdad City. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology. 2737-2742.
1
AL-Tamimi, I., & Bawazir, A. (2020). Knowledge and Perceived Susceptibility of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) among Saudi Female Teachers. Into Arch Public Health Community Med, 4(45), 1-10
2
AL-Tamimi, I., & Bawazir, A. (2020). Knowledge and Perceived Susceptibility of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) among Saudi Female Teachers. Into Arch Public Health Community Med, 4(45), 1-10
3
Amraei, S. G.,Malekshahi, F., Goudarzi, F., & Ebrahimzadeh, F. (2020). Using an educational program based on health belief model to improve the preventive behaviors of nurses against cardiovascular diseases. J Edu Health Promote, 9,100
4
Amraei, S. G.,Malekshahi, F., Goudarzi, F., & Ebrahimzadeh, F. (2020). Using an educational program based on health belief model to improve the preventive behaviors of nurses against cardiovascular diseases. J Edu Health Promote, 9,100
5
Athbi, H. A., & Hassan, H. B. (2018). Health Beliefs of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease toward Secondary Prevention: The Health Beliefs Model as a Theoretical Framework. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1), 821-826
6
Athbi, H. A., & Hassan, H. B. (2018). Health Beliefs of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease toward Secondary Prevention: The Health Beliefs Model as a Theoretical Framework. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1), 821-826
7
Athbi, H. A., & Hassan, H. B. (2018). Health Beliefs of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease toward Secondary Prevention: The Health Beliefs Model as a Theoretical Framework. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(1), 821-826
8
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020).Global Non-communicable Diseases. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/healthprotection/ncd/index.html
9
Gautam, Y. R. (2012). A STUDY OF ASSESSING KNOWLDEGE AND HEALTH BELIEFS ABOUT CARDIOVASCUALR DISEASE AMONG SELECTED UNDERGRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS USING HEALTH BELIEF MODEL. Doctorate dissertation. Minnesota State University. 1-174
10
Greiw, A. S., Gad, Z., Mandil, A., Wagdi, M., & Elneihoum, A. (2010). Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases among School Teachers in Benghazi, Libya. Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2(4), 168-177
11
Greiw, A. S., Gad, Z., Mandil, A., Wagdi, M., & Elneihoum, A. (2010). Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases among School Teachers in Benghazi, Libya. Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 2(4), 168-177
12
International Federation of Medical Students Association. (2019). IFMSA Policy Document: Non-communicable diseases.
13
Kheiri, M., Jeihooni, A. K., Alkamel, A., & Harsini, P. A. (2019). The effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on the promotion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive behaviors among subjects referred to health centers in fasa city (fars province, iran). Kontakt, 21(2), 206–213. https://doi.org/10.32725/kont.2019.021
14
Khorsandi, M., Fekrizadeh, Z., & Roozbahani, N. (2017). Investigation of the effect of education based on the health belief model on the adoption of hypertension-controlling behaviors in the elderly. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 233–240.
15
Khorsandi, M., Fekrizadeh, Z., & Roozbahani, N. (2017). Investigation of the effect of education based on the health belief model on the adoption of hypertension-controlling behaviors in the elderly. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 233–240.
16
Lim, B. C., Kueh, Y. C., Arifin, W. N., & Ng, K. H. (2021). Modelling knowledge, health beliefs, and health-promoting behaviours related to cardiovascular disease prevention among Malaysian university students. PLoS ONE 16(4), e0250627.
17
Long, E., Ponder, M., Bernard, S. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to hypertension and hyperlipidemia self-management among African-American men living in the southeastern United States. Patient Educ Couns, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.12.011
18
Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. World Health Organization; 2011.
19
Poudel, K., & Sumi, N. (2017). Health Behavior Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases among Nepali Adults. J Community Health, 42,1240–1246
20
Poudel, K., & Sumi, N. (2017). Health Behavior Regarding Cardiovascular Diseases among Nepali Adults. J Community Health, 42,1240–1246
21
Resham A.K. & Arkan Bahlol Naji. (2016). Effectiveness of Health Education Program about Health Beliefs Related to Cardiovascular Disease on Readiness of Engagement in Healthy Behaviors of Older Adults at Geriatric Home in Baghdad City. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(11), 2250-3153.
22
Saffari, M., Sanaeinasab, H., Jafarzadeh, H., & et al. (2020). Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model to Modify Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Police Officers in Iran: A Quasi-experimental Study. J Prev Med Public Health, 53,275-284
23
World Health Organization (WHO). Global Status Report. On non-communicable disease. Cardiovascular disease: heart disease and stroke. (2014), P. 95.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Female Sexual Events Referred To Medico-Legal Institute in Erbil
Background and Objective:Sexual abuse is a major global problem that impacts millions of women and claims one survivor every 45 seconds, according to the American Medical Association. It is a significant public health issue, and the societal crisis has grown beyond the limits of social and cultural freedom. Indeed, SA survivors live with the aftereffects of the attack for the rest of their lives. This study aimed to look into Female Sexual Events Referred to Medico-Legal Institutes in Erbil. Methods:The prospective research is conducted; it covers rape, newly-married, and trauma cases (fall from height or on sharp objects, and traffic accidents). The medico-legal institute received the cases at Rizgary teaching hospital in Erbil governorate between 1st December 2013 and 1st July 2014. It includes a total of 110 cases. Results: These cases were classified as raped in 50 45%% of cases, traumatic in 30 27% of cases, and married in 30 27% of cases. In raped cases, the age ranged from (2-35) years old, with a mean of (17.446.42), among raped group majority of them have no trauma in the body years (76 % ), and (64%) in non-use of force and weapon, with the consensual sexual act but regarded as a raped case because they are under 18 years old. And the most common site for the tear in the hymen is at 6 o’clock (i.e.) the posteroinferior area of the vagina. Regarding the duration of the tear in raped cases (32%) is new tear while for traumatic is (70%), and for married is (60%). For the type of sexual act, the most common route is both anal and vaginal, which is (58%). Regarding the frequency of anal injury in sodomy cases (56%), of them have an anal injury (dilated or funnel shape), but dilation with tear is about (2%). Conclusion:We concluded from our investigation that the presence and extent of the tear in the hymen are critical factors in diagnosing cases of rape and trauma. Keywords: Sexual Violence, Abuse, Female, Erbil
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_168544_da8e5980446d1c34dec46c4694072cf7.pdf
2021-07-20
175
187
10.33899/mjn.2021.168544
Sexual Violence
abuse
female
Erbil
Yasin
Amin
1
Assistant Professor Dr. Yassin Karim Amin, Director General of the Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University
AUTHOR
Dilman
Hassan
2
Dr. Dilman Azad, forensic medicine specialist, Hawler Medical University/Faculty of Medicine
AUTHOR
Stark, M.M., A physician’s guide to Clinical Forensic Medicine. 2000: Springer Science & Business Media.
1
Badejoko, O.O., et al., Sexual assault in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Nigerian medical journal: journal of the Nigeria Medical Association 2014. 55(3): p. 254.
2
Karanfil, R., et al., Evaluation of sexual assaults in Turkey. Journal of forensic legal medicine 2013. 20(5): p. 404-407.
3
Saltzman, L.E., et al., National estimates of sexual violence treated in emergency departments. Annals of emergency medicine 2007. 49(2): p. 210-217.
4
Payne-James, J., A. Busuttil, and W. Smock, Forensic medicine: clinical and pathological aspects. 2003: Cambridge University Press.
5
Adams, J.A., B. Girardin, and D. Faugno, Signs of genital trauma in adolescent rape victims examined acutely. ournal of pediatric adolescent gynecology 2000. 13(2): p. 88.
6
Butler, A.C., Child sexual assault: Risk factors for girls. Child abuse neglect 2013. 37(9): p. 643-652.
7
Rao, N.G., Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology. 2006: JAYPEE BROTHERS PUBLISHERS.
8
Saukko, P. and B. Knight, Knight's forensic pathology. 2014: CRC press.
9
Feldhaus, K.M., D. Houry, and R. Kaminsky, Lifetime sexual assault prevalence rates and reporting practices in an emergency department population. Annals of emergency medicine 2000. 36(1): p. 23-27.
10
Stein, R.J., Parikh's Text Book of Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology for Classrooms and Courtrooms. JAMA 1981. 245(11): p. 1169-1170.
11
Jones, J.S., et al., Comparative analysis of adult versus adolescent sexual assault: epidemiology and patterns of anogenital injury. Academic Emergency Medicine 2003. 10(8): p. 872-877.
12
Merchant, R.C., et al., Adult sexual assault evaluations at Rhode Island emergency departments, 1995–2001. Journal of urban health 2009. 86(1): p. 43-53.
13
Blackledge, R., Collection and identification guidelines for traces from latex condoms in sexual assault cases. Crime Laboratory Digest 1994. 21(4): p. 57-61.
14
Graves, H.C., G.F. Sensabaugh, and E.T. Blake, Postcoital detection of a male-specific semen protein: application to the investigation of rape. New England journal of medicine, 1985. 312(6): p. 338-343.
15
Al-muaita, Sharia Medicine in the Service of Security and Justice. 2007, Nayef Al-Arabiya University for Security Sciences.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Morphological and Immunohistochemical Changes in Thyroid Gland Due to Exposure of Formalin in Albino Rats
Background: Formaldehyde is the most widely used chemical in daily life; thus, chronic exposure to formaldehyde has been revealed to have negative effects on different organs in humans and animals. Objective: This research was designed to investigate variable thyroid changes arising from chronic formaldehyde exposure by measuring different histomorphometry parameters in accordance with estrogen receptor and S-100 protein expression. Materials & Methods: In this experiment, two hundred (200) rats were used and divided into two groups (100 male and 100 female), each group was subdivided into control and experimental groups each with 50 rats. The rats were exposed to formaldehyde using (20 ml =92.6ppm formaldehyde), 5hrs / d, for 21 days. Animals were sacrificed, and thyroid sections were examined for histomorphometry using H&E stain and immunohistochemistry for localization of estrogen receptor and S-100 protein Results: Significant decrease obtained in histomorphometrical measurements in the area of the colloids, area of follicles and width, height and number of the follicles in the cells of both experimental groups with no significant effect of gender in both control and experimental groups except in the height of the cells which showed significant decrease in female more than male. Formaldehyde exposure showed no significant effect on localization of estrogen receptor but significant increase of S-100 protein localization in both male and female groups. Conclusion: Formaldehyde had similar effect on histological structure of thyroid gland in both sexes causing disruption of thyroid follicles. Exposure of Formaldehyde had no effect on estrogen receptor but caused an increase in S-100 protein localization in both sexes. Key words: Formaldehyde, Rat, Estrogen receptor, S-100 protein
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_168545_46a80a2ad9adf6f6e596d946352d409d.pdf
2021-07-20
188
198
10.33899/mjn.2021.168545
Formaldehyde
Rat
Estrogen receptor
S-100 protein
Paiman
Muhammed Ameen
1
Hawler medical university-college of medicine
AUTHOR
Nali
Ma’aroof
2
Hawler medical university-college of medicine
AUTHOR
Çelik HH, Sargon MF, Çelik MH, Uslu SS, Çelik TH. A review of the health
1
effects of formaldehyde toxicity. Morphol J. 2001; 9:49-52.
2
Songur A, Ozen OA, Sarsilmaz M. The toxic effects of formaldehyde on the nervous system. InReviews of environmental contamination and toxicology 2010 (pp. 105-118). Springer, New York, NY.
3
Collins JJ, Ness R, Tyl RW, Krivanek N, Esmen NA, Hall TA. A review of adverse pregnancy outcomes and formaldehyde exposure in human and animal studies. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2001 Aug 1;34(1):17-34.
4
Golalipour MJ, Azarhoush R, Ghafari S, Davarian A, hossien Fazeli SA, GOLALIPOUR M, AZARHOUSH R, GHAFARI S, DAVARIAN A, FAZELI H. Can Formaldehyde Exposure Induce Histopathologic and Morphometric Changes on Rat Kidney?. Int. J. Morphol. 2009;27(4):1195-1200.
5
Institute of laboratory animal resources, commission on life sciences, national research council: Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, national academy press. Washington, D.C.,1996; Pp.21-55. Available on http://www.nap.edu/open book.php.
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Coskun, O., Ocakci, A., Bayraktaroglu, T. and Kanter, M., 2004. Exercise training prevents and protects streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and β-cell damage in rat pancreas. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 203(3), pp.145-154.
7
Bancroft J, Gamble M. Theory and practice of histological technique (6th Ed.). Churchill Livingston, New York, Edinburgh, London 2008; Pp: 165-75.
8
Clarkson KS, Sturdgess IC, Molyneux AJ. The usefulness of tyrosinase in the immunohistochemical assessment of melanocytic lesions: a comparison of the novel T311 antibody (anti-tyrosinase) with S-100, HMB45, and A103 (anti-melan-A). Journal of clinical pathology. 2001 Mar 1;54(3):196-200.
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Abdel-Dayem MM, Elgendy MS. Effects of chronic estradiol treatment on the thyroid gland structure and function of ovariectomized rats. BMC Research Notes. 2009 Dec 1;2(1):173.
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Shady AM, FI NE. Effect of chlorpyrifos on thyroid gland of adult male albino rats. Egypt J Histol. 2010;33(3):441-50.
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Sekulic B, Šošic-Jurjevic B, Filipovic V, Miloševic N, Nestorovicand M and Manojlovic S. The effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin on thyroid C and follicular cells in adult female rats. Folia Histochemical Cytobiological Journal. 2005; 43(2):103-105.
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Dadan J, Zbucki RŁ, Sawicki B, Winnicka MM, Puchalski Z. Activity of the thyroid parafollicular (C) cells in simple and hyperactive nodular goitre treated surgically-preliminary investigations. Folia morphologica. 2003;62(4):443-5.
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Dadan J, Zbucki R, Sawicki B, Winnicka M and Puchalski Z. Activity of the thyroid parafollicular (C) cells in rats with hyperthyroidism immunohistochimical investigations. Rocz Akad Medicine Juliana Marchlewskiego Bialymst Supply Journal. 2004; 49:135-137.
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Zbucki RL, Winnicka MM, Sawicki B, Szynaka B, Andrzejewska A, Puchalski Z. Alteration of parafollicular (C) cells activity in the experimental model of hypothyroidism in rats. Folia histochemica et cytobiologica. 2007;45(2):115-21.
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Parchami A, Dehkordi RF. Sex differences in thyroid gland structure of rabbits. International Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences. 2012 Sep 3;6:270-3.
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Frølich A, Christensen L, Andersen J. Estrogen receptors appear undetectable in the C-cells of the human thyroid gland. Bone. 1990 Jan 1;11(6):393-6.
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Jaklic BR, Rushin J, Ghosh BC. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in thyroid lesions. Annals of Surgical Oncology. 1995 Sep 1;2(5):429-34. Arain SA, Shah MH, Meo SA, Jamal Q. Esrogen receptors in human thyroid gland. Saudi Med J. 2003;24(2):174-8.
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Tavangar SM, Monajemzadeh M, Larijani B, Haghpanah V. Immunohistochemical study of oestrogen receptors in 351 human thyroid glands. Singapore medical journal. 2007 Aug 1;48(8):744-7.
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Hiasa Y, Nishioka H, Kitahori Y, Yane K, Nakaoka S, Ohshima M, Konishi N, Nishii K, Kitamura M, Matsunaga T. Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptors in 313 paraffin section cases of human thyroid tissue. Oncology. 1993;50(2):132-6.
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Nishimura R, Yokose T, Mukai K. S‐100 protein is a differentiation marker in thyroid carcinoma of follicular cell origin: An immunohistochemical study. Pathology international. 1997 Oct;47(10):673-9.
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Ito Y, Arai K, Nozawa R, Yoshida H, Higashiyama T, Takamura Y, Miya A, Kobayashi K, Kuma K, Miyauchi A. S100A10 expression in thyroid neoplasms originating from the follicular epithelium: contribution to the aggressive characteristic of anaplastic carcinoma. Anticancer research. 2007 Jul 1;27(4C):2679-83.
27
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Women Getting Mammogram Screening at Azadi Hospital and Private Mammographic Clinics in Kirkuk City
Background: Breast lesions form a heterogeneous group of illnesses that affect epithelial and stromal tissues of breast. There are many factors such as demographic, social and biomedical hazard act as breast lesion development; generally, these factors can be grouped into hazard factors that can be altered (modifiable) and hazard factors that cannot be altered (non-modifiable). Objectives: To identify breast cancer risk factors of breast among women attending to mammographic clinics in Kirkuk City. Methods: A descriptive study design carried out in Kirkuk City among (100) women getting mammogram screening, selected by purposive (non-probability) sample. The study initiated from (September 26 th , 2020 –June 27th , 2021). Results: Fifty-one percent of women who visited the mammogram clinics were belong 40-49 years old with average age 44±9 years. Only 9% of women were smoking. While 21% of them were reporting that they were ex-smokers and 55% of them were some one smoked around. Only 6% of women were playing sport as running (3%) and daily walk (3%) that showed significant difference at p-value= 0.041.And the findings showed that 38% of them were eating a lot of sweet, but that was statistically insignificant. Most of women were eating a lot of fat and carbohydrate (84%) that showed significant difference at p-value = 0.029. Meanwhile only 34% of women were eating red meat, 56%, eating white meat, and 71% eating fresh fruit and vegetable but all that were statistically insignificant appeared. Conclusion: Age and unhealthy physical and dietary behaviour may associate with breast health problems. Key words: Risk Factors, Breast Lesions, Women.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_168564_c5aa8654becb61790b3e8c8859a3d4b0.pdf
2021-07-22
199
206
10.33899/mjn.2021.168564
risk factors
Breast lesions
Women
Safiya
Mohammed
safiya.ibrahim.1203a@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
1
M.Sc. Student, University of Baghdad, Collage of Nursing, Maternal & Neonate Nursing and clinical nurse specialist in Ministry of Health. Email: Safiya.Ibrahim.1203a@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
AUTHOR
Ala’a
Mirza Hussain
2
Assistant. Prof. Dr, University of Baghdad, Collage of Nursing, Department of Basic Science, Baghdad City, Iraq. Email: dr.alaah@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
AUTHOR
Abdel-Aziz, S. B., Amin, T. T., Al-Gadeeb, M. B., Alhassar, A. I., Al- Ramadan, A., Al-Helal, M., ... & Alkhalaf, E. H. (2017). Perceived barriers to breast cancer screening among Saudi women at primary care setting. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention:APJCP, 18(9),2409.doi: 10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.9.2409.
1
Farhadifar, F., Taymoori, P., Bahrami, M., & Zarea, S. (2015). The relationship of social support concept and repeat mammography among Iranian women. BMC women's health, 15(1), 1-8.
2
Goldvaser, H., Gal, O., Rizel, S., Hendler, D., Neiman, V., Shochat, T., ... & Yerushalmi, R. (2017). The association between smoking and breast cancer characteristics and outcome. BMC cancer, 17(1), 1-8.
3
Heda, K., Beniwal, K., Sharma, K., & Kasliwal, N. (2017). Clinicopathological profile of breast lesions at tertiary care centre: A study of 602 cases. Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, 4(2),127-131. DOI: 10.18231/2394-2754.2017.0029
4
Jerônimo, A., F., Freitas, Â., G., & Weller, M. (2017). Risk factors of breast cancer and knowledge about the disease: an integrative revision of Latin American studies. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 22(1):135-149.
5
Kareem, S. Y., & Mohammed, A. K. (2020). The impact of Breastfeeding on Breast Cancer among women in Sulaimani city. Journal of University of Raparin, 7(3), 437-452. http://journal.uor.edu.krd/index.php/JUR/article/view/280
6
Khairi, S. H., & Mukeef, S. A. (2015). Assessment of Instructional Labor Support Behaviors among Laboring Women at Teaching Hospitals in Hilla City. Iraqi National Journal of Nursing Specialties, 28(1).
7
Kim, J. H., Lee, J., Jung, S. Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Dietary factors and female breast cancer risk: a prospective cohort study. Nutrients, 9(12), 1331.
8
Klassen, C. L., Hines, S. L., & Ghosh, K. (2019). Common benign breast concerns for the primary care physician. Cleve Clin J Med, 86(1), 57-65.
9
Kooshki, A., Moghaddam, M. Y., & Akbarzadeh, R. (2016). Study of fruit and vegetable intake in breast cancer patients in the city of Sabzevar. Electron Physician, 8(9), 3011-3014. doi: 10.19082/3011.
10
Moey, S. F., Mutalib, A. M. A., Mohamed, N. C., & Saidin, N. (2020). The relationship of socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge of breast cancer on stage of behavioral adoption of breast self-examination. AIMS public health, 7(3), 620. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2020049
11
Mourouti, N., Kontogianni, M. D., Papavagelis, C., Plytzanopoulou, P., Vassilakou, T., ... & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2015). Meat consumption and breast cancer: a case–control study in women. Meat science, 100, 195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.019
12
Nwadike, U. ,I., Eze, C., U., Agwuna, K., and Mouka, C. (2017). Mammographic classification of breast lesions amongst women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 17(4), 1044–1050.https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i4.12
13
Olarewaju, S. O., Oyekunle, E. O., & Bamiro, A. O. (2019). Effect of sociodemographic variables on patient and diagnostic delay of breast cancer at the Foremost Health Care Institution in Nigeria. Journal of global oncology, 5, 1-8.
14
Stachs, A., Stubert, J., Reimer, T., & Hartmann, S. (2019). Benign Breast Disease in Women. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 116(33-34), 565–574. Nwadike, U. ,I., Eze, C., U., Agwuna, K., & Mouka, C. (2017). Mammographic classification of breast lesions amongst women in Enugu, South East Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 17(4), 1044–1050.
15
Takkar, N., Kochhar, S., Garg, P., Pandey, A. K., Dalal, U. R., & Handa, U. (2017). Screening methods (clinical breast examination and mammography) to detect breast cancer in women aged 40–49 years. Journal of mid-life health, 8(1). doi: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_26_16.
16
Tapan, T. K., Iyigun, Z. E., Ilgun, S., & Ozmen, V. (2020). Evaluation of the eating habits of breast cancer patients. Pak J Med Sci. 36(7), 1562–1566. Tapan, T. K., Iyigun, Z. E., Ilgun, S., & Ozmen, V. (2020). Evaluation of the eating habits of breast cancer patients. Pak J Med Sci. 36(7), 1562–1566.
17
Tayyem, R. F., Mahmoud, R. I., Shareef, M. H., & Marei, L. S. (2019). Nutrient intake patterns and breast cancer risk among Jordanian women: a case-control study. Epidemiology and Health, 41, e2019010. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2019010
18
Toklu, H., & Nogay, N. H. (2018). Effects of Dietary Habits and Sedentary Lifestyle on Breast Cancer among Women Attending the Oncology Day Treatment Center at a State University in Turkey. Niger J Clin Pract. 21,1576-84. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njcp/article/view/182880.
19
Vishwakarma, G., Ndetan, H., Das, D., N., Gupta, G., Suryavanshi, M., Mehta, A., & Singh, K., P. (2019). Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of case–control studies in Indian women. South Asian Journal of Cancer, 8(2), 80. doi: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_317_18. doi: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_317_18
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Levels on Male Infertility in Sulaimanyah City
The appropriateness of the interactions between Prolactin, gonadotrophins and testicular hormones ensures that normal spermatogenesis takes place in the male. So this study is an attempt to classify male infertility depending on WHO criteria of seminal changes and to evaluate serum Prolactin, Testosterone FSH and LH levels in the participants, also determine the association between serum Prolactin, Testosterone levels and subtypes of male infertility. This study involved three hundred infertile males having infertility more than one year (cases group) and three hundred age-matched fertile males with definite paternity in past two years (control group) were included to the study from Jan 2018 -Dec 2020 at Shahid Ali Qader consultant clinic in the Sulaimanyah city. Serum levels of hormones were measured by electrochemiluminescense immunoassay technique. Approximately half of patient's age ranged between 30- 39 years. Sixty eight percentage of cases complained from primary infertility. About 71.3% of patients had infertility duration between 1 - 5 years. This percentage decreased with increasing the infertility years. Most common infertile group was Asthenospermia (34.3%). A higher significant levels of serum Prolactin, FSH and LH found in cases than controls (p<0.001). However, the serum Testosterone levels was significantly lower in cases than controls (p<0.05). Moreover, serum Prolactin levels were found significantly elevated in all infertile subgroups (except Normospermic subgroup) compared to control group, while serum Testosterone levels were significantly decreased in all infertile subgroups (except Normospermic subgroup) compared to control group (p<0.05). So we conclude that; Poor spermatogenesis is associated with high serum Prolactin, FSH,LH levels and low serum Testosterone levels in patients with male infertility. Moreover, elevated serum Prolactin levels and decreased serum Testosterone levels were significantly associated with A, AT, OAT, Azoo and OA infertile males. Keywords: Male infertility, primary and secondary infertility, Prolactin, Testosterone, spermatogenesis.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_168676_e69abba5e5c9482acfb40a61a38efd6c.pdf
2021-08-16
207
214
10.33899/mjn.2021.168676
male infertility
primary and secondary infertility
prolactin
Testosterone
spermatogenesis
hadeel
ibrahim
hadeel.ibrahim@univsul.edu.iq
1
Lecturer/Physiology/ Department of Fundamental Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Republic of Iraq, E. mail :hadeel.ibrahim@univsul.edu.iq.
AUTHOR
Zhian
Ramzi
zean.ramzi@univsul.edu.iq
2
Assistant Professor/ Department of Community health Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Republic of Iraq, E. mail zean.ramzi@univsul.edu.iq
AUTHOR
Andersson AM, Jørgensen N, Frydelund-Larsen L, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE. (2004): Impaired Leydig cell function in infertile men: a study of 357 idiopathic infertile men and 318 proven fertile controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 89(7):3161-7.
1
Arowojolu AO, Akinloye O, Shittu OB. (2004): Serum and seminal plasma prolactin levels in male attenders of an infertility clinic in Ibadan. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(3):306-9.
2
ASRM.(2015): Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile male: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 103(3):18–25.
3
Bhale DV, Mathers C.D., Stevens G.A, et al. (2013): male infertility. Int Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology. 9:238.
4
Dabbous Z, and Stephen L A.(2017): “Hyperprolactinaemia in male infertility: Clinical case scenarios.” Arab journal of urology. 16(1), 44-52.
5
Dohle GR, Halley DJJ, Van Hemel JO, van den Ouwel AMW, Pieters MHES, Weber RFA, Govaerts LCP.(2002): Genetic risk factors in infertile men with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia, Human Reproduction. 17(1), 13–16.
6
Eniola OW , Adetola AA, Olufemi AA, and Oladipupo MA, (2012): Evaluation of hormonal and physical factors responsible for male infertility in Sagamu South Western Nigeria. Der Pharmacia Lettre. 4 (5):1475-1479.
7
Gangwar PK, Sankhwar SN, Pant S, Krishna A, Singh BP, Mahdi AA, Singh R.(2020): Increased Gonadotropins and prolactin are linked to infertility in males. Bioinformation. 29;16(2):176-182.
8
Grattan DR. (2001): The actions of prolactin in the brain during pregnancy and lactation. Progress inBrain Research. 133:153–171.
9
Gowri V, Venkiteswaran KP, Al-Zakwani I, Mathew J, Rahman KA, Al-Marhoon M.(2010): Comparison of the demographics, semen parameters and hormone profiles in men with primary and secondary infertility. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 10(3):350-3..
10
Karabulut S, Keskin İ, Kutlu P, Delikara N, Atvar Ö, Öztürk MI. (2018): Male infertility, azoospermia and cryptozoospermia incidence among three infertility clinics in Turkey.Turk J Urol. 44:109–113.
11
Katz DJ, Teloken P, Shoshany O.(2017): Male infertility - The other side of the equation. Aust Fam Physician. 46(9):641-646.
12
Kidd, S.A., Eskenazi, B., Wyrobek, A.J. (2001). Effect of male age on semen quality and fertility: a review of the literature. Fertile. Steril., 74(2): 237-248
13
Levitas E, Lunenfeld E, Weiss N, et al.(2005): Relationship between the duration of sexual abstinence and semen quality: Analysis of 9,489 semen samples. Fertil Steril. 83(6):1680–86.
14
Mascarenhas M.N., Flaxman S.R., Boerma T., Vanderpoel S., Mathers C.D., Stevens G.A. (2013): Trends in primary and secondary infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of demographic and reproductive health surveys. Lancet. 2013;381:S90.
15
Masud S, Mehboob F, Bappi MU. (2007): Severe hyperprolactinemia directly depresses the gonadal activity causing infertility. Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci. ;2:25 Najar AFA (2010): Prevalence and pattern of endocrinological abnormalities in oligospermic and azoospermic patients. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, 52:402. .
16
Nwajiaku LA, Mbachu II, Ikeako L(2013): Prevalence, clinical pattern and major causes of male infertility in Nnewi, South East Nigeria: a five year review. Afrimedic J; 3:16–19.
17
Öztekin Ü , Caniklioğlu M, Sarı S, Selmi V, Gürel A, and Işıkay L, (2019): Evaluation of Male Infertility Prevalence with Clinical Outcomes in Middle Anatolian Region. Cureus. 2019 Jul; 11(7): e5122.
18
Ulloa-Aguirre A, Lira-Albarrán S.(2016): Clinical Applications of Gonadotropins in the Male. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 143:121-174.
19
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2000) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm – Cervical Mucus Interaction, 4th edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of obesity on immune response against covid-19
Abstract Background and Aim: In Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, a new coronavirus, now known as SARS-CoV-2, produced a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in December 2019. A number of studies have investigated for risk factors in attempt to provide prevention and treatmentoptions for the general public. Obesity, along with other comorbidities such diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, has been recognized as a risk factor for catastrophic outcomes in patients with COVID-19 infection. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the association between the incidence of COVID-19 infection and BMI according to the demographic data. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional was conducted in the Iraq-Erbil city between 15th October 2020 to 5th of February 2021. Inclusion criteria were participants that tested positive for SARS-COVID-2. The patients classified according to their weight into 6 classes. The semi‐quantitative analysis of IgG and IgM anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was carried out for 200 enrolled participants by ELISA and also vitamin and ferritin level measured for the patients. Results: The incidence of COVID-19 infection was higher among male by 4% than female. The highest percentage of COVID19 infection reported among the age group of (30-39) years old. The prevalence of the mentioned infection was higher among class 1 obesity group. A total of 200 IgG and IgM tests revealed that the underweight and class 3 obese patients had the highest percentage of positive cases in IgG testing by (100 %) while the obese patient class 1 reported highest percentage of positive IgM cases (47.36 percent). Furthermore, the highest number of underweight people (100%) had vitamin D3 deficiency among patients and the highest percentage of iron deficiency anemia was among class 3 obese patients (25%). Conclusions: The present study concluded gender balance in COVID19 incidence. The infection of COVID-19 was found in all age groups. However, middle age group appears to be more susceptible. The highest IgG and IgM reported among obese patients. The highest number of underweight people had vitamin D3 deficiency. In contrast, the highest percentage of iron deficiency anemia was reported in class 3 obese patients Keywords: Age, Body Mass Index, COVID-19, Gender, Vitamin D.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_169026_f670c5cc95ca2a79256712cab432c2f2.pdf
2021-09-12
215
220
10.33899/mjn.2021.169026
Age
body mass index
Covid_19
Gender
Vitamin D
Rasul
Ali
rasul.ali@hmu.edu.krd
1
Lecturer: MSc. In Analytical Chemistry in Clinical Biochemistry Deprt. College of health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University rasul.ali@hmu.edu.krd / 009647504620197
AUTHOR
Hangaw
Haji
hangaw.haji@hmu.edu.krd
2
Ass. Lec. MSc in Infection & Immunity in Clinical Biochemistry Deprt College of Health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University hangaw.haji@hmu.edu.krd 009647504884767
AUTHOR
Sahar
Zaki
sahar.zaki@hmu.edu.krd
3
Ass. Prof. M. B. Ch.B, MSc in Medical Microbiology Deprt College of health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University Sahar.zaki@hmu.edu.krd 009647504137890
AUTHOR
Zhilia
aziz
4
Clinical Biochemistry Deprt/College of Health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University
AUTHOR
Rayan
anwar
5
in Clinical Biochemistry Clinical Biochemistry Deprt/College of Health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University
AUTHOR
Hawren
fars
6
Clinical Biochemistry Deprt/College of Health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University
AUTHOR
Shahban
salh
7
Clinical Biochemistry Deprt/College of Health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University
AUTHOR
Muhamad
aziz
8
Clinical Biochemistry Deprt/College of Health Sciences/ Hawler Medical University
AUTHOR
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hospitalization-related Stress and Its Impact on the Monitored Vital Signs of Adult Patients with Corona Virus Diseases-19 In Respiratory Isolation Wards: A Repeated-Measure Study
Background: Psychological stress has an obvious effect on vital signs of patients with covid-19 The body responses to psychological stress includes tachypnea, pulse rate, blood pressure, and temperature. which will lead to increasing the respiratory rate and increase the length of hospitalization therefore, this study was endeavored to examine the causal relationship between hospitalization-related Psychological stress and change vital signs among the targeted subjects. Aims (s): Examining the impact of psychological stress on the vital signs prognosis of hospitalized adult patients with Covid-2019 in respiratory isolation wards This can be done by determining the difference between the prognosis of stressed & non-stressed patients. Design: A longitudinal design was used to accomplish the above-mentioned goals. Methods: A purposive sample of 140 patients with Covid-19 who were hospitalized in respiratory isolation wards in two public hospitals, in Baghdad city. The data collection process started December 25th - 2020 – April 15th 2021. Two measures were conducted at seven-days intervals. The Depression Anxity Stress scales (DASS) was the selected tool to examine the study main variables. Result: There is a statistically significant difference of respiratory rate in response to psychological stress between the 1st and 2nd measures (P=0.004, Sig=0.001 ). Concluation: The study show, There is a statistically significant difference of respiratory rate in response to psychological stress between the 1st and 2nd measures (P=0.004, Sig=0.001 ). Recommendation: mointoring vital signes, Provide psychological support to the patient with covid-19. And all adult age groups must be careful of infection with the virus. Keywords: Covid-19, vital signs, prognosis, psychological stress.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_169849_f0c663e55553f18ac40eb19d65d778a5.pdf
2021-11-06
221
231
10.33899/mjn.2021.169849
Covid_19
Vital Signs
prognosis
psychological stress
Marwan
Hajem
marwan.thamer1202a@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
1
Bachelor of Science in Nursing / marwan.thamer1202a@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq / Ministry of Health, Medical City Complex, Private Nursing Nome Hospital
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sadeq
AL-Fayyadh
s.al-fayyadh@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
2
The University of Baghdad, College of Nursing
AUTHOR
Caruso, P. F., Angelotti, G., Greco, M., Albini, M., Savevski, V., Azzolini, E., ... & Cecconi, M. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 epidemic on vital signs in hospitalized patients: a pre-post heat-map study from a large teaching hospital. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-021-00715-y
1
Dhont, S., Derom, E., Van Braeckel, E., Depuydt, P., & Lambrecht, B. N. (2020). The pathophysiology of ‘happy’hypoxemia in COVID-19. Respiratory research, 21(1), 1-9https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01462-5
2
Hamer, M., & Steptoe, A. (2012). Cortisol responses to mental stress and incident hypertension in healthy men and women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(1), E29-E34.women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97:E29–34, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2011-2132
3
Moussa, M. T., Lovibond, P. F., & Laube, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the 21-item depression anxiety stress scales (DASS21). Sydney, NSW: Transcultural Mental Health Centre. Cumberland Hospital.Retrived fromhttp://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/Groups/dass/Chinese/Chinese%20DASS21%20Paper.pdf.
4
O'Connor, D. B., Thayer, J. F., & Vedhara, K. (2020). Stress and health: A review of psychobiological processes. Annual review of psychology, 72.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-062520-122331
5
Pimentel, M. A., Redfern, O. C., Hatch, R., Young, J. D., Tarassenko, L., & Watkinson, P. J. (2020). Trajectories of vital signs in patients with COVID-19. Resuscitation, 156, 99-106.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.002
6
Polit, B., & Beck, C. T. Hungler.(2001). Essentials of nursing research: Methods, appraisal and utilization.
7
Raj, S. R., Arnold, A. C., Barboi, A., Claydon, V. E., Limberg, J. K., Lucci, V. E. M., ... & Vernino, S. (2021). Long-COVID postural tachycardia syndrome: an American Autonomic Society statement. Clinical Autonomic Research, 1-4.8https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-021-00798-2
8
Romero Starke, K., Petereit-Haack, G., Schubert, M., Kämpf, D., Schliebner, A., Hegewald, J., & Seidler, A. (2020). The age-related risk of severe outcomes due to COVID-19 Infection: a rapid review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), 5974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165974
9
Salleh, M. R. (2008). Life event, stress and illness. The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS, 15(4), 9.Retrived from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341916/
10
Verity, R.; Okell, L.C.; Dorigatti, I.; Winskill, P.; Whittaker, C.; Imai, N.; Cuomo-Dannenburg, G.; Thompson, H.; Walker, P.G.T.; Fu, H.; et al. Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: A model-based analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020, 20, 669–677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7
11
Woyke, S., Rauch, S., Ströhle, M., & Gatterer, H. (2021). Modulation of Hb-O2 affinity to improve hypoxemia in COVID-19 patients. Clinical Nutrition, 40(1), 38-39.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.036
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Nurses Knowledge Regarding Delirium in Adult Critical Care Units in Baqubah
Research Question: What is the knowledge of nurses in assessing patients with delirium in critical care units in Baqubah? Aim of this study: An evaluation of nursing knowledge regarding delirium assessment in adult Critical care units. Method: A quantitative descriptive survey was carried out among 36 staff nurses working in Critical care units in Baqubah teaching hospital. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to collect data to answer the research question. Sample: All qualified nursing staff meeting outlined criteria and working in the Critical care clinical areas in the selected hospital were invited to participate in the study. A response rate of 80% (n=36) was achieved. Findings: More than half of the nurses reported that they don’t using validated tools to assess for delirium during their practice. However, critical care clinical practice in Baqubah lacks established protocols to screen for delirium resulting in non-adherence to clinical practice guidelines. Barriers and poor perceptions were identified in this survey in relation to delirium screening. This information can inform future care planning and care to be used to improve standards and quality of care in intensive care units. Keywords; Nurse, Nurse Knowledge, Delirium, Critical care units, Adults.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_169850_8db5f25bbcd471522aabae06d59b06ae.pdf
2021-11-06
232
247
10.33899/mjn.2021.169850
Nurse
nurse knowledge
Delirium
Critical care units
adults
Maryam
Ismail
maryam.a@albayan.edu.iq
1
University of Al-Bayan\ college of nursing
AUTHOR
Iman
Fadhil
iman.abbas@albayan.edu.iq
2
Al-Bayan university\ college of nursing
AUTHOR
Anbu, A.S., (2014). An evaluation of nursing practices regarding delirium assessments in adult critical care units in Western seaboard region of Ireland. M. Health Sc. Galway: National University of Ireland Galway.
1
Arumugam, S., El-Menyar, A., Al-Hassani, A., Strandvik, G., Asim, M., Mekkodithal, A., Mudali, I., & Al-Thani, H. (2017). Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit. Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shock, 10(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2700.199520
2
Bakri MH, Ismail EA, Ibrahim A. Comparison of dexmedetomidine or ondansetron with haloperidol for treatment of postoperative delirium in trauma patients admitted to intensive care unit: randomized controlled trial. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2015;18(2):118-123
3
Barr, J., Fraser, G., Puntillo, K., et al. (2013) Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine, 41, pp 263-306.
4
Bell, L. (2011) AACN Practice Alert: Delirium assessment & management. Accessed online at from /www.aacn.org/WD/practice/docs/practicealerts/delirium-practice alert-2011.pdf>.
5
Dwight D. Faught, (2014). Delirium: The Nurse’s Role in Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Instructions for Continuing Nursing Education Contact Hours appear on page 304, Medsurg nursing: official journal of the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses · September 2014.
6
Ehwarieme Timothy Aghogho. The Dangerous Effect of Delirium in Intensive Care Unit: Implication for Nurses. Research and Reviews: Journal of Neuroscience. 2015; 5(3): 1–13p
7
Ely, E.W., Siegel, M.D., Inouye, S., et al. (2012). Delirium in the intensive care unit: an under-recognized syndrome of organ dysfunction, in: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 22. pp 115–126.
8
Evensen, S., Saltvedt, I., Lydersen, S. et al. Environmental factors and risk of delirium in geriatric patients: an observational study. BMC Geriatr 18, 282 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0977-y
9
Gesin, G., Russell, B., Lin, P., et al. (2012) Impact of a delirium screening tool and multifaceted education on nurses' knowledge of delirium and ability to evaluate it correctly. American Journal of Critical Care, 21, pp 12-20.
10
Girard, D., Pandharipande, P., Carson, S., et al. (2010) Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: The MIND randomized, Placebo-controlled trial. Critical Care Medicine, 38, pp 428–437.
11
Godfrey, M., Smith, J., Green, J. et al. (2013) Biomedcentral Health Services Research, 13, pp 341-342
12
Holly C., Cantwell E. R., Jadotte Y. (2012) Acute delirium: differentiation and care. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 24(1), 131-134.
13
Inderpal Singh (October 12th 2016). Assessment and Management of Older People in the General Hospital Setting, Challenges in Elder Care, Edward T. Zawada Jr., IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/64294. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/books/challenges-in-elder-care/assessment-and-management-of-older-people-in-the-general-hospital-setting
14
Johansson Lotta, (2014), Being critically ill and surrounded by sound and noise Patient experiences, staff awareness and future challenges, ISBN 978-91-628-9153-4.
15
Kukreja, D., Günther, U., & Popp, J. (2015). Delirium in the elderly: Current problems with increasing geriatric age. The Indian journal of medical research, 142(6), 655–662. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.174546
16
Maclullich, A., Anand, A., Davis, D et al. (2013) New horizons in the pathogenesis, assessment and management of delirium. Age and Ageing. 42(6), pp 667–674.
17
Marcantonio E. R. (2017). Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults. The New England journal of medicine, 377(15), 1456–1466. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1605501
18
McPherson, J., Wagner, E., Boehm, L et al. (2013) Delirium in the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit: Exploring Modifiable Risk Factors. Critical Care Medicine, 41(2), pp405–413.
19
Middle, B., & Miklancie, M. (2015). Strategies to Improve Nurse Knowledge of Delirium. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 29(4), 218–229.
20
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR HEALTH AND CARE EXCELLENCE (NIHCE), (2013), Health and social care directorate Quality standards and indicators Briefing paper, Delirium; Prioritised quality improvement areas for development. Retrieved from, https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs63/documents/delirium-briefing-paper2
21
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), (2013). Assessment and prevention of falls in older people.
22
Powers, J. S., Doering, T., Gordon, S., Eden, S. K., Shintani, A., & Schnelle, J. (2013). Exploring the utility of ultra-brief delirium assessments in a nonintensive care geriatric population: the GEM study. The Gerontologist, 53(6), 1051–1055. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns161
23
Pun BT, Devlin JW, (2013). Delirium monitoring in the ICU: strategies for initiating and sustaining screening efforts. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. ;34:179–88.
24
Rawal, G., Yadav, S., & Kumar, R. (2017). Post-intensive Care Syndrome: an Overview. Journal of translational internal medicine, 5(2), 90–92. https://doi.org/10.1515/jtim-2016-0016
25
Schadewaldt, V., McInnes, E., Hiller, J.E. et al., (2013). Views and experiences of nurse practitioners and medical practitioners with collaborative practice in primary health care – an integrative review. BMC Fam Pract 14, 132. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-14-132
26
Salluh, J. I. F., Wang, H., Schneider, E. B., Nagaraja, N., Yenokyan, G., Damluji, A., … Stevens, R. D. (2015). Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 350(may19 3), h2538–h2538. doi:10.1136/bmj.h2538
27
Teodorczuk A., Reynish E., & Milisen K. (2012) Improving recognition of delirium in clinical practice, a call for action. Biomedcentral Geriatrics, 12, pp55.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Sertraline on Oxidative Stress in Patients with Depression
Background: There is effect of sertraline on oxidative stress in patients with depression.Objective: To assess the oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in patients with depression, and evaluate the effect of antidepressant (sertraline) on the oxidative stress and total antioxidant status.Design: comparative case-series study. Setting: The study was conducted in consultatory clinic outpatient departments of psychiatry physicians.Methodology: The study period between Nov.1st, 2020 and April.1st, 2021. Thirty female patients newly diagnosed with depression and thirty, sex and age-matched healthy volunteers as control group were participated in the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (T-AOC) were measured control group and also measured in patients with depression before and after taking sertraline therapy for two months duration.Results: Depressed patients have higher MDA values than that of the control group (9.191 ± 2.796 and 3.21 ± 0.94 nmol/ml respectively) (P-value = 0.001) and lower level of T-AOC (9.44 ± 3.210 U/ml) in depressed patients than that of control group (11.26 ± 2.98 U/ml) P-value = 0.027)MDA values of newly diagnosed patients(9.191 ± 2.796 nmol/ml) were significantly higher than that of patients taking sertraline treatment for 2 months (6.123 ± 1.889 nmol/ml) (p<0.001). The T-AOC values of newly diagnosed patients (9.444 ± 3.210 U/ml) were significantly lower than that of patients taking sertraline treatment for 2 months (10.142 ± 2.362 U/ml) (p<0.122).Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that depressed patients have increased level of malondialdehyde and decreased level of total antioxidants capacity than the control group while depressed patients treated with sertraline for two months have decreased level of MDA and increased levels of T-AOC than their levels before treatment. This result may give a new insight that sertraline may exhibit its effect in the management of depression by acting as an antioxidant.Keywords: Depression, Oxidative Stress, Sertraline.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_169851_85df288f4289959b249243ba209777c3.pdf
2021-11-06
248
256
10.33899/mjn.2021.169851
Depression
oxidative stress
Sertraline
Rahma
Saadaldin Alkasso
1
Bachelor of Science in Pharmacy
AUTHOR
Kassim
Abdullah Al Neaimy
abdullahkassim@yahoo.com
2
Ph.D / Mosul University, College of Medicine / Department of Pharmacology / E-mail:abdullahkassim@yahoo.com / Mobile: 009647701676407
AUTHOR
Bajpai A, Verma AK, Srivastava M and Srivastava R (2014). Oxidative stress and major depression. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR; 8(12):CC04.
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Behr GA, Moreira JC, Frey BN. (2012). Preclinical and clinical evidence of antioxidant effects of antidepressant agents: implications for the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012:609421.
2
Besler HT and Comoglu. (2003). Lipoprotein oxidation, plasma total antioxidant capacity and homocysteine level in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Nutr Neurosci; 6(3): 189-196.
3
Besler HT, Comoglu S, Okcu Z (2002). Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipid peroxidation in multiple sclerosis. J Nutr Neuroscin. ; 5: 215-220.
4
Bilici M, Efe H, Köroğlu MA, Uydu HA, Bekaroğlu M and Değer O (2001). Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: alterations by antidepressant treatments. Journal of affective disorders; 64(1): 43-51.
5
Bondy B (2002). “Pathophysiology of depression and mechanisms of treatment.” Dialogues in clinical neuroscience; 4(1): 7-20.
6
Dinan T, Siggins L, Scully P, O’Brien S, Ross P and Stanton C, (2009). Investigating the inflammatory phenotype of major depression: focus on cytokines and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of psychiatric research; 43(4): 471-476.
7
Drevets WC, Frank E, Price JC, Kupfer DJ, Holt D, Greer PJ, et al., (1999). PET imaging of serotonin 1A receptor binding in depression. Biological psychiatry; 46(10) :1375-1387.
8
Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ, Zollner H (1991). Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radic. Biol. Med; 11: 81–128.
9
Gałecki P (2014). Oxidative stress in depression. Systems biology of free radicals and antioxidants : 2369-2395.
10
Halliwell B (2006). Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant physiology; 141(2) : 312-322.
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Halliwell B (2011). Free radicals and antioxidants–quo vadis?. Trends in pharmacological sciences; 32(3) :125-130.
12
Halliwell B and Lee CYJ (2010). Using isoprostanes as biomarkers of oxidative stress: some rarely considered issues. Antioxidants & redox signaling; 13(2) :145-156.
13
Hovatta I, Juhila J and Donner J (2010). Oxidative stress in anxiety and comorbid disorders. Neuroscience research; 68(4) : 261-275.
14
Ibrahim WH, Habib HM, Jarrar AH and Al Baz SA (2008). Effect of Ramadan fasting on markers of oxidative stress and serum biochemical markers of cellular damage in healthy subjects. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism; 53(3-4) : 175-181.
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Leermakers EA, Dunn AL, and Blair SN (2000). Exercise management of obesity. The Medical clinics of North America; 84(2), 419–440.
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Leonard B and Maes M (2012). Mechanistic explanations how cell-mediated immune activation, inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways and their sequels and concomitants play a role in the pathophysiology of unipolar depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews; 36(2) : 764-785.
19
Liu T, Zhong S, Liao X, Chen J, He T, Lai S, et al.(2015). A meta-analysis of oxidative stress markers in depression. PloS one; 10(10): e0138904.
20
Maes M, Galecki P, Chang YS, and Berk M (2011). A review on the oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways in major depression and their possible contribution to the (neuro)degenerative processes in that illness. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry; 35(3): 676–692.
21
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Mazereeuw G, Herrmann N, Andreazza AC, Khan MM and Lanctôt KL (2015). A meta-analysis of lipid peroxidation markers in major depression. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment; 11: 2479.
23
Miller E, Mrowicka M, Saluk-Juszczak J, et al. (2011). The level of isoprostanes as a non-invasive marker for in vivo lipid peroxidation in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurochem Res; 36: 1012–1016.
24
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Ng F, Berk M, Dean O and Bush AI (2008). Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology; 11(6) : 851-876.
26
Nuttall FQ (2015). Body Mass Index: Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review. Nutr Today; 50(3):117-128.
27
Otte C, Gold SM, Penninx BW, Pariante CM, Etkin A, Fava M, et al., (2016). Major depressive disorder. Nature reviews Disease primers; 2(1), :1-20.
28
Palta P, Samuel LJ, Miller ER 3rd, Szanton SL (2014). Depression and oxidative stress: results from a meta-analysis of observational studies. Psychosom Med ; 76: 12–19.
29
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30
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31
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32
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33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Infection Control of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures Performed by Nurses at Hawler and Rizgary Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City /Iraq
Background and objectives: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the care of patients with gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary disorders. Compliance with accepted guidelines for the reprocessing of gastrointestinal endoscopes between patients is critical to the safety and success of their use. This study aimed to assess the nurses' infection control practice and identify the prevalence of fungal and bacterial growth on gastroscopy and colonoscopy instruments. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out on a purposive (non-probability) sample of all nurses who worked in the gastrointestinal endoscopy units at Hawler and Rizgari Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City from January to June 2016 from where the sample specimens were also taken. The questionnaire consisted of three parts. The first part included sociodemographic data, the second part contained nurses' infection control practice before, during and after the endoscopy procedure including pre-cleaning, leak testing, manual cleaning rising, disinfection, rinsing, drying and storing instruments. The third part of the questionnaire was used to document 80 endoscopic specimens, which were collected from the endoscopic instruments. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the majority of nurses (38.5%) were within the 25-35 years age group, 61.5% were males and having less than 5 years experience. The infection control practices for endoscopy procedure showed that a majority (69.2%) of nurses practised at a fair level. The Grams stain smear results showed positivity of 65.62% for fungus and 34.375% for bacteria. All the fungi isolated belonged to the Candida species. Conclusion: The study concluded that the infection control of endoscopic procedures performed by nurses was inadequate. The swab cultures from the automated endoscope reprocessors, in combination with other bacterial isolates, showed that the Candida species were present in the endoscopic specimens.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_171411_5202a3fa0aca6e7d460fb0f1d5a6742a.pdf
2021-12-29
257
269
10.33899/mjn.2021.171411
Infection control
Endoscopic procedure
Fungal infection
Ronak
Hussein
1
Department of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
AUTHOR
yousif
yousif
2
Department of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
AUTHOR
Vian
Nehmatallah
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
AUTHOR
Standards of Infection Control in Reprocessing of Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopes
1
Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates, Inc. (SGNA). 2012: 21 available from: www.SGNA.org [cited 2016 Mar6].
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ASGE Quality Assurance in Endoscopy Committee, Petersen BT, Chennai J, Cohen J, et
3
al. Multisociety guideline on reprocessing flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011; 73(6): 1075-84.
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Alfa MJ, Sepehri S, Olson N, Wald A. Establishing a clinically relevant bioburden benchmark: a quality indicator for adequate reprocessing and storage of flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes. Am J Infect Control 2012;40: 233-6/
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American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Guidelines for safety in the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit gastrointestinal endoscopy, 2014; 79(3): 363-372, [online] www.giejournal.org [cited 2025 Nov19]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2013.12.015, www.giejournal.org
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Calderone R. Recognition between Candida albicans and host cells. Trends in Microbial. 1993;1: 55- 58.
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ASGE Standards of Practice Committee, Banerjee S, Shen B, Nelson DB, et al. Infection control during GI endoscopy.GastrointestEndosc.2008; 67: 781-90.
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Kovaleva J, Frans T. M. Peters, Henny C. van der Mei, John E. Degener . Transmission of Infection by Flexible Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Bronchoscopy: Clinical Microbiology Reviews (2013)26; 2: 231–254.
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CSGNA Canadian Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Association. Position statement: The Nurse’s Role in Endoscopic Ultrasound / Fine Needle Aspiration 2016 [online] available from: https://colibri productionapp.s3.amazonaws.com /sites/555e068a83781212ec01929d /assets/56fd53e74a2c09a9290827c7/ role_of_the_nurse_in_eus-fna_march_2016_draft_4.pdf [cited 2017Mar 16].
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Petersen BT, Cohen J, Hambrick RD, Buttar N, Greenwald DA, Buscaglia JM, et al. Multisociety guideline on reprocessing flexible GI endoscopes: 2016 update. GIE. J 2017; 85(2):282-294
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Abd-Elhamid AA, El-khashab MN , Taha NM , Saleh MD. Impact of Training Education Program on Improving Nurses Performance Regarding Infection Control in Endoscopy Unit. Afro-Egypt J Infect Endem Dis 2016; 6(1): 16-28
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Amer WM, Taha NM , Zaton HK. Nurses Knowledge and Practice Regarding Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and Suggested Nursing Guidelines. Afro-Egypt J Infect Endem Dis 2015; 5(2): 115-130
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CSGNA Canadian Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Association. Standards for Gastroenterology Nursing Practice. CSGNA Education Committee. 2012. Available from: http://csgna.com/wp- content/uploads/2018/01/pdf FINAL_Standards_CSGNA_ [cited 2012 Mar 12].
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21
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22
Buss, A.; Been, M.; Borgers, R.; Stokroos, I.; Melchers, W.; Peters, F.; Limburg, A. & Degener, J. Endoscope Disinfection and its Pitfalls – Requirement for Retrograde Surveillance Cultures. Endoscopy; 2008 40(4): 327-332.
23
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24
Rajkumar N, Senthil P, Uma K, Gnanasoory N, Kalaiarasan. Isolation and Identification of Candida Species in Endoscopic Specimens of the Patients with Peptic Ulcer: Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2014; 2(2A):572-574.
25
Prions. C Quinn MM, Henneberger PK. National Institute for Occupational Safety, Cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces in health care toward an integrated framework for infection and occupational illness prevention. Am J Infect Control. 2015; 43: 424-34.
26
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27
Systchenko, R.; Marchetti, B.; Canard, J.; Palazzo, L.; Ponchon, T.; Rey, J.; Sautereau, D. & French Society of Digestive Endoscopy. Guidelines of the French Society of Digestive Endoscopy: Recommendations for Setting up Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Endoscopy; 2000 32(10): 807-818.
28
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The rate of Estrogen receptors ,progesterone receptors and pidermal growth factor 2 receptors discordance between primary and recurrent breast cancer and its effect on survival
Background:Treatment of recurrent breast cancer, like treatment of early-stage breast cancer, is based on consideration of tumor biology and clinical history. Thus, characterization of tumor hormonal and HER2 status is critical for all patients, and a detailed assessment of past treatment, including timing of therapies as well as patient symptoms and functional assessment, is essential. Determination of hormone receptor status and HER2 status should be repeated in all cases of first recurrence when diagnostic tissue is obtained because there may be discordance between the primary and recurrent tumors. Aim of study: 1-To determine the rate of discordance of estrogen ,progestron and epidermal growth factor2 (HER2) receptors between primary and recurrent breast cancer. 2-To study the effect of the discordance on patient's disease free survival Patients and method: The study was conducted retrospectively and included 100 Iraqi female patients attended Baghdad oncology teaching hospital between January 2012 and December 2017 for whom estrogen receptors , progesteron receptors status were known at time of diagnosis and had been obtained on new tissue biopsy at time of recurrence. Results: 1-The rate of discordance for estrogen receptors ,progestron receptors and HER2 receptors between primary and recurrent tumor are 24%,27%,17% respectively 2-There was not statistically significant difference in the disease free survival between concordant and discordant cases for both estrogen receptors and progestron receptors while there is a significant difference in form of increase disease free survival of the epidermal growth factor 2 receptors discordant cases compared to concordant ones. Conclusion:The effect hormonal receptors discordance on disease free survival not statistically significant ,while the gain of HER2 receptors after recurrence is associated with better survival.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_172845_74152e2bb45c63ad760d95245f510ec5.pdf
2021-12-30
270
279
10.33899/mjn.2021.172845
ER
PR Discordance
HER2 discordance
Disease free survival
Rasha
Yehya
1
M.B.Ch.B , F.I.B.M.S
AUTHOR
Ali
jawad
2
C.A.B.M M.R.C.P
AUTHOR
Amina
Mohamed
3
B.S.C.-Master M.s.c
AUTHOR
American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2010.
1
Arslan C, Sari E, Aksoy S, Altundag K. Variation in hormone receptor and HER-2 status between primary and metastatic breast cancer: review of the literature. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011;15:2130.
2
Chia S. Testing for discordance at metastatic relapse: does it matter. J Clin Oncol. 2012 Feb 20;30(6):575-6.
3
Iraqi Cancer Board 2018, et al Results of the Iraqi Cancer Registry 2012. Baghdad, Iraq Iraqi Cancer Registry Center, Ministry of Health.
4
Lower EE, Glass EL, Bradley DA, Blau R, Heffelfinger S. Impact of metastatic estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status on 44 survival. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2005 Mar 1;90(1):65- 70.
5
Madrid MA, Lo RW, et al . Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH): a novel alternative in screening archival breast cancer tissue samples for HER-2/neu status. Breast Cancer Research. 2004 Oct;6(5):R593.
6
McAnena PF, McGuire A, Ramli A, Curran C, Malone C, McLaughlin R, Barry K, Brown JA, Kerin MJ. Breast cancer subtype 45 discordance: impact on post-recurrence survival and potential treatment options. BMC cancer. 2018 Dec;18(1):203.
7
Mohsin sK, weiss H, Havighurst t, et al. Progesterone receptor by immunohistochemistry and clinical outcome in breast cancer: a validation study. Modern Pathol. 2004;17:1545-54
8
National comprehensive cancer guidelines( NCCN Guidelines) Version 3.2019 Breast Cancer,discussion MS-54 page 142
9
Nishimura R, Osako T, Okumura Y, Tashima R, Toyozumi Y, Arima N. Changes in the ER, PgR, HER2, p53 and Ki-67 biological markers between primary and recurrent breast cancer: discordance rates and prognosis. World journal of surgical oncology. 2011 Dec;9(1):131.
10
Pusztai L, Viale G, Kelly CM, Hudis CA. Estrogen and HER-2 receptor discordance between primary breast cancer and metastasis. Oncologist 2010;15:1164-1168.
11
Rakha EA, El-Sayed ME, Lee AH, et al. Prognostic significance of Nottingham histologic grade in invasive breast carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:3153–3158. PMID: 18490649
12
Reshma Jagsi ,Tari A. King ,Constance Lehman, Monica Morrow , Jay R. Harris and Harold J. Burstein ,malignant tumor of the breast ,Vincent T. Devita ,JR ,Theodore S. Lawrence ,Steven A. Rosenberg,DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenbergs Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology -11th E(2019) section 6 chapter 79 page 2261
13
Sari E, Guler G, Hayran M, et al. Comparative study of the immunohistochemical detection of hormone receptor status and HER2 expression in primary and paired recurrent/metastatic lesions of patients with breast cancer. Med Oncol 2011;28:57-63
14
Sighoko D, Liu J, Hou N, et al. Discordance in hormone receptor status among primary, metastatic, and second primary breast cancers: biological difference or misclassification?. The oncologist. 2014 Jun 1;19(6):592-
15
Tufia C. Haddad, MD, and Charles L. Loprinzi, MD ,Breast cancer , Martee L. Hensley, MD, MSc, ASCO-SEP® medical oncology self-evaluation program- 6thE (2018) chapter 7 page (338-340)
16
Tufia C. Haddad, MD, and Charles L. Loprinzi, MD ,Breast cancer , Martee L. Hensley, MD, MSc, ASCO-SEP® medical oncology self-evaluation program- 6thE (2018) chapter 7 page (338-340)
17
Turner NH, Di Leo A. HER2 discordance between primary and metastatic breast cancer: assessing the clinical impact. Cancer treatment reviews. 2013 Dec 1;39(8):947-57.
18
Wilking U, Karlsson E, Skoog L, Hatschek T, Lidbrink E, Elmberger G, Johansson H, Lindström L, Bergh J. HER2 status in a population-derived breast cancer cohort: discordances during tumor progression. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2011 Jan 1;125(2):553-61.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Stress of Nurses working in General Wards at Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad City
Background : stress is one of the chief psychological and social difficulties that individuals and organizations suffer from both, negatively disturbing the health of the individual and his professional achievement, as well as the good running of the institution. Objectives : a descriptive design was used to examine the levels of stress of nurses working in general wards at teaching hospitals in Baghdad City. Methods : correlational study; the study took place between November 16, 2020 and April 19, 2021. Using a non-random convenience sample 70 nurses from Baghdad Teaching Hospitals' general wards. The data was collected using sociodemographic,) Gender, age, marital status, number of children, nursing qualification, years of service at work, and years of experience are among the seven variables).and Work-related psychological stress scale. Finding: No association was found between the Work-related psychological stress and gender, age, marital status, do you have children, Nursing qualification and Years of servicing nursing of staff nurses working in general wards. Conclusion : Implementation of programs aimed at education nurses how to deal with work stress and its effects as well as enhancing the capabilities of nurses regarding Coping and problem solving strategies. The need for future research that should be directed at the effects of stress management.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_172847_6b19ca228de88b3475b0bcfde6084232.pdf
2021-12-31
280
288
10.33899/mjn.2021.172847
Workplace stress
general wards
Iman
Isaa
imana@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Psych. Nursing, Collage of Nursing, University of Baghdad, E-mail: imana@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
AUTHOR
Qahtan
Mohammed
qahtan@conursing.uobaghdad.edu.iq
2
Psychiatric and mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Kim and Lee (2014(Effects of Servicescape on Perceived Service Quality, Satisfaction and Behavioral Outcomes in Public Service Facilities. Journal of AsianArchitectureandBuildingEngineering13(1):125131DOI:10.3130/jaabe.13.125
1
Greenglass, E. R. (2002). Work stress, coping, and social support: Implications for women's occupational well-being. In D. L. Nelson & R. J. Burke (Eds.), Gender, work stress, and health (pp. 85–96). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10467-006
2
Natasha Khamisa, Brian Oldenburg, Karl Peltzer, Dragan Ilic . Work related stress, burnout, job satisfaction and general health of nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jan 12;12(1):652-66. doi:10.3390/ijerph120100652.
3
R Burbeck 1, S Coomber, S M Robinson, C Todd. Occupational stress in consultants in accident and emergency medicine: a national survey of levels of stress at work. Emerg Med J. 2002 May;19(3):234-8. doi: 10.1136/emj.19.3.234.
4
Nayomi, W.V.P.N. (2016). Workplace stress in nursing: a literature review. “Social Statistics”, Journal of Social Statistics, 03(01), 47-53.
5
Nakakis K and Ouzouni C (2008). Factors influencing stress and job satisfaction of nurses working in psychiatric units, Health Science Journal; 2 (4): 183-195.
6
Lee D, et al. (2005) The proteasome regulatory particle alters the SAGA coactivator to enhance its interactions with transcriptional activators. Cell 123(3):423-36.
7
Brunero, S. Cowan, D. Garvey, A. 2006, Stress Management for Nurses. ANMF, New South Wales Nurses and Midwives Association (NSWNMA).
8
Kirchhoff ALC, MagnagoTSBdS, Camponogara S, Gripe RH, Tavares JP, Presets FC, et al. Condoles de tribal e characteristics sócio-demográficas relacionadas à presence de disturbers psíquicos minors me trabalhadores de enfermagem. Text Context Enform. 2009; 18:215-23.
9
Yang D. Stress and Burnout in Demanding Nursing Home Care: A literature review of the causes, prevention and coping strategies; [Internet] 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 17]. Available from: http://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/1318 93
10
Lamont S, Brunero S, Perry L, Duffield C, Sibbritt D, Gallagher R, et al. ‘Mental health day’ sickness absence amongst nurses and midwives: workplace, workforce, psychosocial and health characteristics. J Adv Nurs 2017 May;73(5):1172–81.
11
Rushton CH, Batcheller J, Schroeder K, Donohue P. Burnout and Resilience Among Nurses Practicing in High-Intensity Settings. Am J Crit Care 2015 Sep;24(5):412–20.
12
Elahi, Mohammadi ,Akbar,Khoshknab What Strategies Do the Nurses Apply to Cope With Job Stress?: AQualitative Study Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 8, No. 6; 2016ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education.
13
F A Faremia, M I Olatubib, K G Adeniyic,OR Salaud (2019) Assessment of occupational related stress among nurses in two selected hospitals in a city southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences 10 68–73.
14
Kourakos M(2017) Mental health and coping strategies among nursing staff in public health services. Prog Health Sci 2017, Vol 7, No 2 Mental health and coping strategies among nursing staff.
15
M.K Abdullah, Z. M Mirza,& S.Y Othman. Assessment of Job Stress among Nurses Working in Akre Teaching Hospitals, Mosul Journal of Nursing, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2018 ( 23-33 ) www.mjn.mosuljournals.com. DOI: 10.33899/mjn.2018.160079.
16
S Alharbi, A Al Hasan. Occupational Stress, Coping Strategies, and Quality of Life among Nurses in General and Psychiatric Setting in Jeddah City—KSA. Open Journal of Psychiatry, 2019, 9, 124-137 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpsychISSN Online: 2161-7333ISSN Print: 2161-7325.
17
R M’Deh, F Alhalaiqa, M E AbuRuz1, G Al-Dweik1 & H Al-Akash(2017 )Perceived Stress in Nurses: A Comparative Study. Global Journal of Health Science; Vol. 9, No. 6; 2017 ISSN 1916-9736 E-ISSN 1916-9744.
18
Sailaxmi, G.(2015): Impact of a stress management program on stress perception of nurses working with psychiatric patients, Asian Journal of Psychiatry ,vol (14) .pp. 42–45
19
Rania. A. Zaki. Job Stress and Self- Efficacy among Psychiatric Nursing Working in Mental Health Hospitals at Cairo, Egypt , Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.orgISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)Vol.7, No.20, 2016
20
Stephen T. Odonkor , Samuel Adams. Predictors of stress and associated factors among healthcare workers in Western Ghana journal homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon Received 5 August 2020; Received in revised form 27 March 2021; Accepted 2 June 2021 2405-8440/© 2021.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The impact of the Corona pandemic on psychological and mental health among students of the University of Mosul isolated at home
Background and Aim: Home quarantine or home isolate is an uncomfortable experience for most people because it restricts their freedom and causes them to be fearful of losing their employment, being bored, becoming isolated from others, fearing illnesses, experiencing sadness, and experiencing anxiety. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety, depression, and stress among graduating class students. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of stress, anxiety, and depression among university students. To explore the relationships among mental health state (stress, anxiety, and depression) and demographic variables (gender, marital status, occupation, residence, and family Infected with COVID- 19. Method: A cross-sectional design using online data collection using Google forms was carried out from 27th June 2021 through 29th September 2021 to achieve the present study's objectives. A probability sample (random) consisted of 252 students consist of (150) male, (102) females were from the University of Mosul. The DASS is a 42-item questionnaire that contains three self-report measures for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: Male students scored higher average scores than female students in stress and depression, while females scored higher average scores in anxiety. Single students scored higher average scores than married in stress, anxiety, and depression. Students who had work scored higher than others in stress and depression. Conclusions: stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly positively correlated with each other (Ps < 0.01). Also, stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly correlated with each occupation and marital status (Ps < 0.01). Students who had Relatives infected with COVID-19 were significantly positively correlated with each stress and depression. Recommendations: Students' psychological state must be constantly measured, especially those who were infected with the virus or a member of their family, as well as lost their job and have a wife and children because they are the most psychologically affected groups due to the Corona pandemic.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_172849_0bef3b6e5b5f5d930c94253f2d5dbeea.pdf
2021-12-31
289
295
10.33899/mjn.2021.172849
corona pandemic
psychological and mental health
university Students
Zeyad
Al-Noimi
1
Lecturer / College of Nursing / University of Mosul.
AUTHOR
Radhwan
Ibrahim
prof.dr.radhwan@uomosul.edu.iq
2
Professor/PhD Community Health nursing/ College of Nursing / University of Mosul
AUTHOR
Al-Rabiaah, A., Temsah, M. H., Al-Eyadhy, A. A., Hasan, G. M., Al-Zamil, F., Al-Subaie, S., Alsohime, F., Jamal, A., Alhaboob, A., Al-Saadi, B., & Somily, A. M. (2020). Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(5), 687–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.005.
1
Aylie, N. S., Mekonen, M. A., & Mekuria, R. M. (2020). The psychological impacts of COVID-19 pandemic among university students in Bench-Sheko Zone, South-west Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 813.
2
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., … Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
3
Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Racine, N., & Madigan, S. (2020). Prevalence of posttraumatic and general psychological stress during COVID: 19: A rapid review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113347.
4
Dhar, B. K., Ayittey, F. K., & Sarkar, S. M. (2020). Impact of COVID‐19 on Psychology among the University Students. Global Challenges, 4(11), 2000038.
5
Elmer, T., Mepham, K., Stadtfeld, C., & Capraro, V. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS ONE, 15(7), e0236337. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236337.
6
Hamaideh, S. (2018). Alexithymia among Jordanian university students: Its prevalence and correlates with depression, anxiety, stress, and demographics. Perspective in Psychiatric Care, 54, 274–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12234.
7
Hamaideh, S., & Hamdan-Mansour, A. (2014). Psychological, cognitive, and personal variables that predict college academic achievement among health sciences students. Nurse Education Today, 34, 703–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.09.010.
8
IslamMd. Akhtarul, Barna Sutapa Dey, Raihan Hasin, KhanMd. Nafiul Alam, HossainMd. Tanvir, & Pakpour Amir H. (2020). Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PloS one, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238162.
9
Le, H. T., Lai, A. J. X., Sun, J., Hoang, M. T., Vu, L. G., Pham, H. Q., Nguyen, T. H., Tran, B. X., Latkin, C. A., Le, X. T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Pham, Q. T., Ta, N. T. K., Nguyen, Q. T., Ho, R. C. M., & Ho, C. S. H. (2020). Anxiety and depression among people under the nationwide partial lockdown in Vietnam. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 589359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.589359.
10
Liu, C., & Liu, Y. (2020). Media exposure and anxiety during COVID-19: The mediation effect of media vicarious traumatization. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134720.
11
Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd. Ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
12
Marelli, S., Castelnuovo, A., Somma, A., Castronovo, V., Mombelli, S., Bottoni, D.,…Ferini- Strambi, L. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep quality in university students and administration staff. Journal of Neurology, 268, 1–8.
13
Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165.
14
Mechili, E. A., Saliaj, A., Kamberi, F., Girvalaki, C., Peto, E., Patelarou, A. E.,…Patelarou, E. (2020). Is the mental health of young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in Albania. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12672.
15
Nelson, B. W., Pettitt, A., Flannery, J. E., & Allen, N. B. (2020). Rapid assessment of psychological and epidemiological correlates of COVID-19 concern, financial strain, and health-related behavior change in a large online sample. PLoS ONE, 15(11), e0241990.
16
Odriozola-Gonzalez, P., Planchuelo-Gَmez, Irurtia, M. J., & de Luis-Garcia, R. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres. 2020.113108.
17
Okan, O., Bollweg, T. M., Berens, E. M., Hurrelmann, K., Bauer, U., & Schaeffer, D. (2020). Coronavirus-related health literacy: A cross-sectional study in adults during the COVID-19 infodemic in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 5503. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155503.
18
Pfefferbaum, B., & North, C. S. (2020). Mental health and the covid-19 pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 510–512.
19
Sahu, P. (2020). Closure of universities due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus, 12(4). doi:10.7759/cureus.7541.
20
Shehadeh, J., Hamdan-Mansour, A., Halasa, S., Bani Hani, M., Nabolsi, M., Thultheen, I., & Nassar, O. (2020). Academic stress and self-efficacy as predictors of academic satisfaction among nursing students. The Open Nursing Journal, 14, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.2174/18744 34602 01401 0092.
21
Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e21279. doi:10.2196/21279.
22
Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. Journal of medical internet research, 22(9), e21279.
23
Vulić-Prtorić, A., Bodrožić Selak, M., & Sturnela, P. (2020). The psychological distress in students during the COVID-19 crisis: An 8-wave longitudinal study [Unpublished manuscript]. Retrieved from https://psyarxiv.com/vtfxg/.
24
Vulić-Prtorić, A., Bodrožić Selak, M., & Sturnela, P. (2020). The psychological distress in students during the COVID-19 crisis: An 8-wave longitudinal study [Unpublished manuscript]. Retrieved from https://psyarxiv.com/vtfxg/.
25
WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak situation. WorldHealth Organization. Retrieved on April 14th, 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel -coronavirus-2019.
26
WHO. (2020). Rolling updates on corona virus 2019 (covid-19). World Health Organization. Retrieved on April 14th, 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies /diseases/novel –coronavirus-2019/ events-as-they-happen.
27
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B. et al (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employee in China: Exposure, risk, perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A comparison between the preventive effect of Nitroglycerin and Clobetasol on cannulation-induced phlebitis; A clinical trials study
Aim: The primary aim of this study is to determine the effect of clobetasol ointment with nitroglycerin ointment on the prevention of superficial phlebitis caused by Angio catheter. Secondary aim is to compare the effect of mentioned ointments on prevention of phlebitis. Design: prospective randomized trial Method: the study did not receive any funding. The target sample is 144patients admitted to surgical ward, randomized to 3 groups. The intervention involves application of clobetasol and nitroglycerin ointment in the distal part of the cannula; while the usual care group did not receive any tropical ointment in cannulation site. the data collection tools included demographic information, information about intravenous treatment and phlebitis measurement scale. In the intervention groups, after venipuncture, 1.5 cm (about 2 g) of ointment was applied, and the site was dressed with sterile gauze. In three time periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours from the time of venipuncture. Results: the age group of 18 to 30 years was the most common age group. The most common site of cannulation was the back of hand.in the first 24hours after the placement of cannula, there was no significant difference between the three groups. But at 48 and 72 hours after placement, the difference between intervention and control groups was significant (P <0.0001). Conclusion: it is recommended to use clobetasol ointment and nitroglycerin ointment to prevent the occurrence of phlebitis in patients who need long-term use of Angio catheter (more than 48 hours). Trial registration: NCT04685031 registered on https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_172962_5ad6d3fefca2d0c1d7d24469a77b0d6f.pdf
2021-12-31
296
314
10.33899/mjn.2021.172962
Patient
Clobetasol ointment
Nitroglycerin ointment
Phlebitis
Angio catheter
yosra
raziani
yosra.anvar@komar.edu.iq
1
College of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-3833
AUTHOR
Abramowitz, Y., Roth, A., Keren, G., Isakov, O., Shomron, N., Laitman, Y., . . . Finkelstein, A. (2016). Whole-exome sequencing in individuals with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and normal coronary arteries. Coronary Artery Disease, 27(4), 257-266.
1
Aslani, Y. (1999). Phlebitis caused by peripheral venous Catheter in patients of medical and surgical wards in Hajar & Kashani hospitals, Shahrekord. Journal of Shahrekord Uuniversity of Medical Sciences, 1.
2
Avazeh, A., Elahi, N., Asadizaker, M., Rasekh, A., & HAJI, H. F. (2004). Effect of Topical Nitroglycerin on the Occurence and Severity of Phlebitis Due to Indwelling Intravenous Catheter in Hospitalized Patients.
3
Avazeh.Azar, & Elahi, N. (2004). The effect of topical nitroglycerin on the incidence and severity of venous catheter phlebitis. (Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research), 12(47), -. Retrieved from https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=11209
4
Balwanz, C. R., Javed, U., Singh, G. D., Armstrong, E. J., Southard, J. A., Wong, G. B., . . . Rogers, J. H. (2013). Transradial and transfemoral coronary angiography and interventions: 1-year outcomes after initiating the transradial approach in a cardiology training program. American Heart Journal, 165(3), 310-316.
5
C, R. S. a. S. (2016 jun). .The optimal Arterial access for coronary angiography:femoral route versus radial route. J vasc Med surg .UK..p:3.
6
Conti, A., Poggioni, C., Viviani, G., Luzzi, M., Vicidomini, S., Zanobetti, M., . . . Gensini, G. F. (2012). Short-and long-term cardiac events in patients with chest pain with or without known existing coronary disease presenting normal electrocardiogram. The American journal of emergency medicine, 30(9), 1698-1705.
7
Dandekar, V. K., Vidovich, M. I., & Shroff, A. R. (2012). Complications of transradial catheterization. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine, 13(1), 39-50.
8
Deo, R., Vittinghoff, E., Lin, F., Tseng, Z. H., Hulley, S. B., & Shlipak, M. G. (2011). Risk factor and prediction modeling for sudden cardiac death in women with coronary artery disease. Archives of internal medicine, 171(19), 1703-1709.
9
Drake, R., Vogl, A. W., & Mitchell, A. W. (2009). Gray's Anatomy for Students E-Book: Elsevier Health Sciences.
10
Dvir, E., Russo, S., Meshorer, A., Duvdevani, R., & Rosenberg, G. (2009). Clobetasol 17-propionate cream as an effective preventive treatment for drug induced superficial thrombophlebitis. Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Sciences, 36(2), 123-130.
11
GHADAMI, A. (2001). THE STUDY OF PREVALENCE RATE OF PHLEBITIS AND COMPARING THE RISK OF IT AMONG CLIENTS ACCORDING TO INSERTING TIME OF INTRAVENOUS EQUIPMENTS DURING 24,48,72 AND 96 HOURS. ARAK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL (AMUJ), 3(4 (13)), -. Retrieved from https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=117064
12
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact Mode of Delivery on Breastfeeding Practice Among Women Delivering in Maternity Teaching Hospital Sulaimani City
Background: Breastfeeding is a factor in the health of both the kid and the mother. However, research on how a manner of birth affects breastfeeding is scarce. Caesarean section rates are high, and breastfeeding rates are low, which are major public health problems in all developing countries. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact mode of delivery on breastfeeding practices. Methods: A quantitative/prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a maternity teaching hospital from April 24 to October 5, 2021. The study included 215 patients, 105 of whom had a cesarean section and 110 of whom had a vaginal delivery. The participants were followed for two months after childbirth. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and the kind of delivery. In-person interviews were used to finish all of the subjects.Using SPSS version 24 software, researchers analyzed and interpreted data using descriptive statistical analysis, inferential chi-square test, and multivariate conditional logistic regression statistical analysis. Results: The study found that women who gave birth vaginally were more likely than those who had a cesarean section to breastfeed during the first hour following birth. In terms of skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth, rooming-in, the initiation of breastfeeding, from delivery to first breastfeeding duration, barriers to exclusive breastfeeding, and many lactations per day, there was a statistically significant difference between mothers who had vaginal deliveries and mothers who had caesarean deliveries. Conclusion: After two months of follow-up, the study found a statistically significant relationship between mode of delivery and breastfeeding practice.
https://mjn.mosuljournals.com/article_173012_d020c07e274724aa6302ae4a1bf43171.pdf
2021-12-31
315
332
10.33899/mjn.2021.173012
Mode of Delivery
Breastfeeding Practice
Maternity Teaching Hospital
Sulaimani
Shahla
Baba Murad
1
Master Candidate, College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region-Iraq
AUTHOR
Atiya
Mohammed
atiya.mohammed@univsul.edu.iq
2
Maternal Neonate Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani/ Iraq
AUTHOR
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