Mosul Journal of Nursing

INTRODUCTION

Breastfeeding is the optimal source of nutrition. The Human Milk is specie specific and it provides all the essential nutrients necessary for the growth and development of the new-born infant (The Ministry of Public Health, 2009). The AAP, AAFP, and WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and continued breastfeeding for at least 12 months of life(Midto, 2009).The Target of USDHHS “Healthy People 2010” initiative is to achieve breastfeeding at the birth of 75%, 50% at 6 months, and 25% at 12 months of life (WHO, 2010). In 2008 data published by the CDC shows that 77% of mothers in the US initiate breastfeeding at birth. Only about 30% of women continue with breastfeeding of the infant to six months of age (UNICEF, 2008). Home health is the most precious gift one can be Submitted to the baby as it requires the baby to love and compassion and warmth that gives him his chest pain as far as what needs to nutritious food, and today, few people who deny the importance of breastfeeding and the fulfillment of needs emotional and physical for infants and in any case it is not always easy to shift from the theoretical to the application, particularly concerning practices of artificial feeding (UNICEF, 2006). The health workers, doctors, midwives, and nurses who have by their relations daily mothers, have a significant effect on the views of mothers and their behavior and decisions about infant feeding in the day's critical first life of a new-born baby (WHO, 2010). The first food for the baby after birth is colostrum, which is a resin yellow appearance may vary from or to another is the most suitable food for the baby during this period because it contains a high proportion of nutrients that he needs (The Ministry of Public Health, 2009). The amount of colostrum a few, but enough to feed a baby, facilitate the process absorption, and the bowel movement does not need the baby to any food or drink with him (UNICEF, 2008). The colostrum addition to being rich in many nutrients as well as factors anti-inflammatory that protects the child and the evils of infections during the first few days (Armstrong, 2005). So should workers in the field of health services that discourage people in some cultures and prevent him inhiation from resorting to some of the practices which excludes colostrum and the child is given water and sugar or honey water or other preparations (UNESCO, 2007; The Ministry of Public Health, 2009; Mid to, 2009).

METHODOLOGY

purposive sample study included 150 pregnant mothers who visiting the center of maternity and child care in the Sheikh Omar and care center in Al- Elwya Teaching Hospital, and Baghdad Teaching Hospital where the sample collected way Randomly and interview style dish and apply the Questionnaire form designed for this purpose based on scientific sources and previous studies for the period from 8/11/2011 to 15/1/2012. The validity through a panel review of experts. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and percentage.

RESULTS

 Table (1) age pregnant women visit the Centers for maternity and child care

Table (2) The participant educational level

Table (3) The time to start breast-feeding after birth

Table (4) the nature of colostrum by male carries her.

Table (5) set ratchet addressed to pregnant revisions of care centers

Table (6) colostrums interest by his mother said.

DISCUSSION

The results show that 96% of respondents are housewives, while the proportions of female employees make up only 4%. Accounted for pregnant women for the first time. The revisions ratio of 24% of respondents while the percentage delivery 76%. As for the place of birth for the delivery only figure was 38% for the birth of the house as well as the same percentage for the birth of the hospital. Perhaps the birth at the hospital safer in many ways for both mother and child, but they increase the probability of failure of lactation, reasons. Followed in several hospitals increase the likelihood of use of the mother complementary foods or stopped full breastfeeding as soon as she returned to the house (Midto, 2009). As for the type of birth for delivered women was 60% natural birth, and 16% cesarean (causes birth dangerous) after the birth of ten and long may be the mother tired so cannot breastfeeding directly, but he should remember that whenever some of the drugs given to mother to breastfeed her baby The earlier the flow of milk. Often some of the drugs given during childbirth, especially in the cesarean section and the resulting delay in lactation unless accessible to mother special care in these cases (Midto, 2009).

Studies show through Table (1) that there are countries get where half of the pregnancy among adolescents who are getting smaller as young as 18 years before they reach adulthood physical, mental and social, with results harmful, which is reflected on the mother and her new-born (UNESCO, 2007). The studies confirm through Table (2) that women who receive a basic education, even if when a minimum different a generally more illiterate women that they feel the need to use available materials to improve their health and missed their families (UNESCO, 2007). Studies show through Table (3) that he should breast-feed the baby within an hour after birth if possible because it is the first food for the baby after birth is colostrum which is the most suitable food for the baby during this period. It contains materials to help, and this is important for prevention such as the importance of baby food. This is for which child should suckle from his mother's breast immediately after birth or on at least during the first half-hour of his life. The research also showed that mothers who produce in lactation pregnant at the first time in breast-feeding a longer time than those who begin that process continue after 12 hours or more (UNESCO, 2007; Midto, 2009; WHO, 2010). Table (4) shows that there must be health workers familiar with the beliefs of the communities in which they deal with their common practices and fight any of the myths that oppose breastfeeding practices. That is where some civilizations are considered material colostrum and dirty teeth should be put. Some mothers escape from the first drops of colostrum, it only while putting other women all colostrum produced during the first three days, and fed new-born with water and sugar or powdered milk which leads to depriving new-born vehicles cellular anti-infective, as well as to fit on proteins 65% of which are lethal to bacteria (Armstrong, 2005; WHO, 2009). Table (5) the results of the questions addressed to pregnant revisions of the Centre for Maternal and Child Welfare whether the center is to advise pregnant women about the benefit of colostrum, and the need to breast-feed new-born immediately after birth was the answer to that he lost 4% received advice from one of the doctors. As for midwives, only 2% were advised by the midwife about the need to breast-feed new-born immediately after birth, as well as for those born in the hospital. Health workers to talk with the women attending the centers, whether in the outpatient clinic or health units or by groupings within the health centers. As well as for midwives they are more and more people the ability to help the mother and her education must put their babies on the breast immediately after birth (Midto, 2009). As for the breast and breast-feeding problems, the rate was 6% of those who faced troubles in breast-feeding their babies as a result of problems in the nipple and breast suffocation. Studies show that most babies can breastfeed directly and easily, but few may have initially some difficulties in the process of sucking is that these problems go away in a few days (WHO, 2010). As for giving the new-born was feedings be glucose or water and sugar or powdered milk before giving him the breast was the proportion of yes constitute 68% of the mothers those the previous reproduction (UNICEF, 2003). All studies show that the child in the first few days does not require water or powdered milk as many believe. Colostrum exists in the breast from the first moment which is all he needs (The Ministry of Public Health, 2009; WHO, 2010). Studies confirm and literature that colostrum contains a larger proportion of the antibodies and white blood cells are precisely what needs new-born because it gives him good protection against bacteria and viruses, which is rich in factors conducive to the career growth of the gut has an impact Vairose helps to get rid of (meconium) meconium. It also contains concentrated amounts of some nutrients, especially protein, vitamin A, zinc, and sodium (UNESCO, 2007; Midto, 2009).

CONCLUSIONS

The study concludes that health workers in all health institutions should be given advice and encourage mothers to breastfeed immediately after birth. In addition, breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for a healthy term infant. Human milk is human-specific and contains nutrients that are essential for the proper growth and development of the new-born. For more, breast milk is beneficial to both infant and mother. It also concludes Proper positioning on the breast helps ensure adequate latching on and subsequently adequate breastfeeding. Breast milk can be stored away, and utilized later when needed. Finally, there are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding, these include HIV, 1 and 11, HTLV 1 and 11, active TB, and active herpes simplex lesions on the breast.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The researcher recommended the preparation and implementation of an education program for pregnant mothers and medical and nursing owners for the purpose of providing them with the necessary information about the usefulness of colostrum for babies. 

REFERENCES

Armstrong, H. (2005). A training manual in the management of breast milk. Beirut, Lebanon. Pp. 24.

Midto. (2009). Encourage moms to breastfeed. Beirut, Lebanon. Pp. 22-54.

The Ministry of Public Health. (2009). Breastfeeding happiness to you and to protect your child 2009 pp. 12-32.

UNESCO. (2007) .Feed the mother and the little boy. Paris. Pp. 32.

UNICEF. (2003). Dealing with and encourage breastfeeding. Baby-friendly hospit. Pp. 3036.

UNICEF. (2006). To protect the health of the baby. Amman, Jordan. Pp. 12-26.

UNICEF. (2008). Manual breastfeeding mothers in the successful. pp. 16 and 43-65.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2009). Breastfeeding and pregnancy spacin. Egypt, Alexandria. Pp. 35-44.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Breastfeeding, Alexandria, Egypt, 2010. Pp. 33- 41.

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