Mosul Journal of Nursing

Background and aim: Communication is the process of transmitting thoughts, feelings, facts, and other information, includes verbal and nonverbal behavior. Communication is an essential element of the nurse-client relationship, teaching of client, and entire activities performed by nurses. To be an effective communicator, the nurse must be aware of the different levels on which communication is conducted between nurses and clients and among members of the health care team. Applying the aspects of communication level helps the nurse establish a therapeutic relationship with the client and thereby achieve successful outcomes of care. The study aims to assess Cancer Patient’s Satisfaction Regarding Nurses Communication Skills in Azadi Teaching Hospital as well as to find out the relationship between Patient’s Satisfaction and some Socio- demographic characteristic such as age, gender and level of education.
Materials and method: A descriptive study of a quantitative design was carried out at oncology unit in Azadi teaching hospital in Kirkuk city for cancer patients from 1st of December, 2015, up to the 16th of February, 2016. A non-probability (convenience) sample of (120) definitely diagnosed with cancer disease. Selected from patients who were attended to Azadi teaching hospital generally for receiving chemotherapy dosage. Developed questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the study which consisted of three parts: the demographic data of the respondent, the nature nurse-client relationship, and satisfaction regarding therapeutic communication. The data were collected through the use of interview with the patients. They were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical data analysis.
Results: The findings of the study indicated that (24.2%) of the samples were in age group (50-59) years and (≥60) years, (51.7%) of them were male, (32.5%) of the sample were illiterate, (40.0%) of them were housewife, (87.5%) of the sample were married, (79.2%) of the sample were urban residency, (23.3%) of the sample had have breast cancer, and (70.8%) of the sample were staying ≤ 1 day in the hospital.
Conclusions: the study concluded that most of the patients were dissatisfied regarding the nature of Nurse-Patient communication. Most of patients were satisfied regarding Therapeutic communication.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The present study recommends that trained educational program should be designed to increase nurses’ awareness and knowledge about modes of communication.

Background and aim: It is very important that the nurse develop the required knowledge that allows them to assess the patients in emergency situations and perform pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when needed both inside and outside hospitals together with the use of the appropriate and correct methods. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an educational program on nurses’ knowledge about pediatric CPR and determine relationship between nurses’ knowledge and demographic information (gender, age, educational level, years of employment, place of work).
Materials and method: A Quasi–experimental study was carried out in Ibn Al-Atheer teaching hospital(study group) and Al-Khansaa Teaching Hospital(control group) in Mosul city from October 28th 2013 to31 December 2014. The study sample was selected randomly consisting of 60 nurses from both hospitals after taking their consent, and the sample was divided into two groups, the study group (30) nurses in Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Hospital, and the control group (30) nurses in Al-Khansaa Teaching Hospital. (39 male and 21 female).Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), Frequency, Mean, t-test, and ANOVA-one way test was used for data analysis.
Results:The results showed also that the presence of statistically highly significant differences in the knowledge of nurses after implementation of the educational program about pediatric CPR compared to their knowledge in the period preceding the implementation of the program in the study group. The study concluded that the existence of a clear and significant correlation between knowledge about pediatric CPR among nurses and the majority of the demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: the presence of a significant lack in the knowledge of nurses about pediatric CPR before application educational program. Recommendations: The study recommends, preparation, development and implementation of such educational programs in all other Iraqi hospitals.
Keywords: Effect ,educational program, cardio pulmonary resuscitation.

Background and aim: Premature is a live born infant delivered before 37 weeks from the first day of last menstrual period .It accounts for the largest number of admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) . Premature infants can develop a range of problems because their organs are not mature enough. The proper nursing care of premature baby should be established by good nursing performances . The purpose of this study is to assess of nursing staff knowledge and practice regarding care of premature babies in Mosul Hospitals in the (Premature babies units).
Materials and method: A descriptive design carried throughout the period 2nd of December 2013 to March 2nd 2014 employing quantitative research methods to attain the results. The sample of the study was a non-probability purposive sampling which included all the nurses working in the premature units in these four Hospitals the sample consisted of (60) nurses (females).The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) program version 17 throughout the application of descriptive statistic (frequency, mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistics (t-test and ANOVA-one way test).
Results: The findings of the study the Having diploma degree, being 40-49 years old, and more clinical experience Nurses in the Premature babies units increase neonatal nursing knowledge and practices.
Conclusions: There are significant differences between knowledge and practice of nursing staff about nursing care for premature babies with regard to age, level of education, and duration of work. Having diploma degree, being 40-49 years old, and more clinical experience in premature babies units increase neonatal nursing knowledge and practices. Recommendation: The study recommends preparing, Nurses should update their knowledge and practice through training courses and training programs for nursing care for premature baby in order to improve their skills and performing statistics by ministry of health of Iraq on the number of premature births in the country in order to reduce this phenomenon and finding appropriate solutions to the problems.

Background and aim:- Hypoglycemia, one of the acute complications of diabetes mellitus, It carries a lot of adverse effects on the patient psychic and mental state plus the bad sequels on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system that may prove to be fatal. Nurses, working in hospitals, are supposed to be reasonably educated and skillful in detecting hypoglycemia and presenting the first aids that may save the patients' life. In Mosul's hospitals, the knowledge and attitude of nurses about hypoglycemia have not been explored or assessed, a matter that was motivating to study this issue. So, this study aimed to assess of Nurses' Knowledge and Attitude About Hypoglycemia at Mosul City Hospitals.
Materials and method: A descriptive cross sectional study carried throughout the period 2nd of December 2013 -to- 31st of January 2015. The sample of the study was a non-probability convenience sample which included 247 nurses (males and females) working in six teaching hospitals in Mosul. The data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) program version 17 throughout the application of descriptive statistic (frequency, mean, standard deviation and percentage) and inferential statistics (t-test and ANOVA-one way test).
Results:- The findings of the study indicated that the total nurses' knowledge concerning hypoglycemia was found to be highly significant. However, the mean scores gained in different knowledge categories were moderate except that of causes and risk factors were low. The positive nurses' attitude toward hypoglycemia was found to be highly significant. Also the study showed that there are significant correlation between nurses' knowledge scale and attitude scale.
Conclusions:- There are significant differences in nurses' knowledge but, mean score answers in regard to knowledge categories were moderate except that of causes and risk factors was low. also the differences was significant in relation to positive attitudes. Recommendation:- The study recommends preparing, developing and implicating educational programs about hypoglycemia; its complications in Mosul's hospitals. In addition, the study suggests improving the curriculum in regard to diabetes and its complications.

Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) considered an infectious disease that affects the liver and is transmitted by blood and body fluids. It still poses a great threat for patients. Nurses are more likely to infected the disease due to dealing with these disease. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of an educational program on nurses knowledge about HBV and determine relationship between nurses knowledge and demographic characteristics ( gender, age, educational level, years of employment, place of work). Materials and method: A Quasi – experimental study from 28th October 2013 to 31st December 2014. The study sample was randomly selected consisting of (60) nurses from both hospitals, and the sample was divided into two equal groups, the study group (30) nurses in Tal Afar General Hospital and the control group (30) nurses in Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital. To assess and analyze the results of the study, a statistical package for the social sciences(SPSS) program was used through the application of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
Results: The results of the study showed that the effect of educational program regarding nurses' knowledge toward HBV is positive, The results also showed the differences of statistically highly significant differences in the knowledge of nurses after implementation of the educational program about HBV compared to their knowledge in the period preceding the implementation of the program in study group. The study showed that there is no significant correlation between knowledge about HBV among nurses and some of the demographic characteristics.
Conclusion: the presence of a lack in the knowledge of nurses about HBV before application educational program and after applying it, there were improvement.
Recommendations: The study recommended to activating continuing nursing education unit or medical education as well as setting points and grades for these actions and calculating the promotion and annual increment as an equivalent point.

Background and aim: Adolescents form two-thirds of our population. This is a unique group of People with special needs. The study aims to assess lifestyle behaviors of secondary school students through the domains of physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, personal hygiene e.g. tooth brushing), to look for the presence a relationship between health problem and lifestyle behaviors of secondary school students, to assess the relationships between lifestyle behaviors and health problems of secondary school students and sociodemographic characteristics.
Materials and method: A cross- sectional descriptive study conducted in Mosul City from13 October 2013 to 31 March 2014. A stratified- cluster sample of 1656 students (828 males and 828 females) whose age between 15- 19 years were selected. The schools selected randomly are 24 schools from 76 total schools in Mosul City. Data are collected through the use of semi-constructed questionnaire.
Results: The results of the present study demonstrated that there is non-significant relationship between students and family socio-demographic characteristic (age, sex, class level, student's order in the family and family income) while there is significant relationship between students and family socio-demographic characteristics ( residence, number of siblings and family type), also a highly significant relationship was shown between weight with age and sex.
Conclusions: The study confirms that 13.7% of students are obese and 12.9% of students have simple hypertension. Physical inactivity and sedentary leisure behavior are most common among students. Recommendations: The researcher recommends promoting school health programs, family and community involvement to help these students live a healthier life, using mass media, which play an important role to identify healthy lifestyle behaviors and establishing national policy between Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education to promote healthier lifestyle behaviors for adolescents

Back ground and objectives: Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most important causes of lower back pain and is also one of the most important problems in orthopedic surgery in adults. The study aims to assessment the risk factors for lumbar disc herniation in the city of Mosul. Material and methods: - A retrospective study (a case control study) was conducted for a sample of adults consisting of (540) samples as all, divided into two groups of both sex (266) case and 274control, aged between 20 years and 70 years old and above. This study was carried out in the following hospitals: Al-Gomhouri Educational Hospital, Al-Salam General Hospital, and Ibn Sina Medical Center in Mosul. It was conducted for a period of three months from the first of January 2014 till the first of April 2014. The validity of the content was determined by presenting expert questionnaire forms consisting of (17) experts. The data were analyzed by applying the descriptive analysis, which included (frequency distribution, percentage) and deductive statistical analysis, which included patients and the control sample. The internal stability of the questionnaire was applying the Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient .
Results:- A number of factors were found to be significantly more effective in patients with lumbar disc herniation: gender, age, Residency, family history, increased working hours, back pain during work, working with big effort, psychosocial impact, washing the clothes both way, washing the dishes on the ground increasing the number of children, not doing sports weekly,. eating in sitting position, carrying heavy objects more than 15 kilos, sitting for long periods. Conclusion: LDH is more common in male than female group in a ratio of 1.74:1.
The age group most affected with LDH is 40-49 years. LDH is more common in urban areas. BMI has direct effect on LDH especially persons who are with overweight. Married and primary persons have more groups affected with LDH. Family history plays a great role in existing the LDH (63.2%). and the comorbidity diseases (DM.HT) also contributed to the LDH. Employee persons, Average of time work 7-10 hrs., Satisfaction of time work some of them, Addition work out org. work, Rest time during the work some of them, suffering Back pain during work, need speed during work and working with big effort have high significant in role the study whereas enough time to complete the work not significant .
Recommendation: the study recommended the establishment of educational programs for the community through all the media and the inclusion of the subject of disease to nursing students and health institutions aimed to reduce the disease and the study recommended also to reduce weight, doing regular exercises and improve physical activities.