Mosul Journal of Nursing

The aim of the study was to assess health problems related to Health Related of Quality of Life (HRQoL) of diabetic patients Type-1-, and to identify the relationship between some characteristics of diabetic patients Type-1- and health problems related to quality of life. This study uses the purposive approach. The study was conducted at Ibn-Sina hospital in Mosul city. The discruptive sample consists of (600) patients who visited Ibn-Sina hospital. In order to collect the study information, a questionnaire was constructed depending on previous studies and related literature review. It is composed of two parts: part one included (6) items which focus on the diabetic patients demographic characteristics such as (sex, age, marital status, occupation, educational level and residence). Part two was composed of (5) main items that covered independency, daily physical activities, psycho-social aspects, beliefs and environment. The total questions included (80) items, three scale options were used in the rating scale: (0) for never, (1) for sometimes and (2) for always. Content validity was determined by presenting the questionnaire to a panel of (12) experts. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed by calculating Cronbach's Coefficient alpha. The data analysis shows that there is a significant statistical association between (HRQoL) items that are related to independency, daily physical activities, psycho-social aspects, beliefs and environment domains. The researcher concluded that (HRQoL) can be measured by instrument and that diabetic patients' independency, daily physical activities, psycho-social aspects, beliefs and environment were affected by their demographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, occupation, educational level and residence). Depending on the findings and conclusions of the study, the researcher recommended further studies which could improve the instrument of this study from the view point of validity, reliability, and quality of questions.

 A descriptive study was carried out to determine relationship between family life-style and nutritional status among kindergarten children in Nineveh Governorate for the period 25^th December/ 2006 to 29^th March /2007. The sample of the study consisted of (450) child. The data were collected by using questionnaire and checking the BMI (Wt/Ht²). The result of the study indicated that there are some significant differences between life-style and variables undertaken in the study. There are also highly significant differences between BMI and the variables. Consequently, the study concluded that family life-style reflects obviously on the BMI of the children. The study recommends that parents and families may pay attention to their life-style and make healthy modifications.

Violence against anyone is unacceptable. Violence experienced by women, however, particularly intimate partner violence and sexual assault, represents a unique aspect of the wider social problem of violence, and requires specific attention and solutions. Individual experiences of violence against women must be assessed against the backdrop of historical, social, political, cultural and economic inequality of women. This study aims to Assess domestic violence among women in Mosul City. This descriptive study was conducted in two primary health care centers and Court of Appeal in Mosul during 3 months period from 23 December, 2012 to 7 March  , 2013. The study sample consists of (500)  women in the location of the study who suffered from domestic violence and agree to participation to answer about questionnaire in a direct interview with researcher. The questionnaire subsumed Part (1) concerns physical domestic violence, and includes   (13) items focused on violence related with emotional abuse, Part (2) concerns social  domestic violence questionnaire, and             consists of (13) items,  Part(3)  concerns emotional domestic  violence, and consists of (18) items. Statistical processing was conducted by the use of frequency(F)and percentage(%). A total of 500 women were enrolled in this study; 33% of women were exposed to physical violence, 37% of women were exposed to social violence, 79% of women were exposed to emotional violence. These percentages take into account that every single one of these respondents has been subjected to at least two of these three types .This study shows the causes  that lead to uses domestic violence against women and the impact of violence on the women , family ,children and community. The researcher has recommended a serious cooperation with civil society organizations and international bodies concerned with this issue to determine the extent of this problem because posed by economic burdens and that hinder the development of society, and affect the gross national product of the country.

Intravenous (IV) solution is a scarce human resource and ensuring its safety and clinical effectiveness requires investment – both human and financial. IV solution therapy is an essential part of patient care. When used correctly, it saves life and improves health. The nurse has an important and effective role in implementation and monitoring of care while IV solution infusion. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was carried out in internal medicine wards and emergency departments in Ibn-AL-Atheer teaching hospital, Ibn-Sina teaching hospital and AL-Khansa'a teaching hospital in Mousl city for the period from 15^th October / 2012 to 10^th September / 2013 to assess the nursing care throughout procedure of  IV solution infusion therapy for children. The sample of the study were convenience composed of (104) nurses while performing intravenous solution infusion in the above hospitals' wards. A special observational tool was prepared utilizing available related literatures . Content Validity of the tool was done through opinions of a panel of (24) experts, while the reliability of tool was done through a pilot study that were r_(Pre) = 0.77 , r_(Intra) = 0.71 , r_(Post) = 0.78 , and r_(Total) = 0.74. Results: The acceptable levels of the three stages of procedure as a results of the study were as; Pre-procedure=98.4%, Intra-procedure=70.6% and Post-procedure=52.6%. Conclusion: The study concluded negligence in some activities are dangerous and can be fatal, heedlessness in case the solution is suitable to be infused or not, and heedlessness or ignorance of sterilization and disinfection. The study recommended that the nurses working in Intravenous solution infusion must be highly qualified and efficient in regard to IV therapy. Standardized guidelines in respect to sterilization and disinfection throughout each procedure.
Key words: assessment, nursing care, intravenous solution therapy, children.

The nurses have an important and effective role in the evaluation of the type of nursing care , which are providing to patient with cardiogenic shock , via their contribution in the quality of nursing care, which are provided to cardiogenic shock patients. The present study aims at assessment of knowledge and practices of nurses that they working in the coronary  care unit and emergency department.
  A Correlation study was performed in the coronary care unit and emergency department in  Ibn Sena teaching hospital , Almousl general hospital and aljmhori teaching hospital in mousl city for the period from 8 january 2005 to 12 may 2005. The sample of the study included (50 subject)   of nurses who work in he above units. The results of the study showed that  there was significant difference between the knowledge and practice of nurses in regard to theoretical mean.. The level of education . and duration of employment had appositive impact on the knowledge and practices. While the gender and the training session had no significant impact on knowledge and practice .
Based on the above results , the study recommends that the nurses in these units should haven sufficient practice and the knowledge update about critical care , especially about cardiogenic shock, nursing staff who work in the coronary care unit and emergency department units should be assessing after tanning; and larger study to elaborate the effects of different variables on the knowledge and practice of nurses

Background and Aim: Osteoarthritis is now firmly establish as public health problem. It is the most disabling diseases in many countries. Knee osteoarthritis is regarded as the most common form of the disease in adults. Elderly women are more affect by this disorder. From the available evidences, it is now reasonable to consider this disease as one of the most important among the chronic diseases and investigation for the risk factors that are associated with this disorder is very important. Aim of study to assess risk factors of osteoarthritis of the knee joint among women.
Material and method: Case control study, where 200 women with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis proved by physical examinations  and radiological evidences were allocate as cases. In addition, 200 women proved to be without clinical or radiological evidence of knee osteoarthritis were allocate as controls. The study was applied from 15^th November 2013 to 7^th april  2014. Questionnaire which focus on the distribution of the study population according to personal characteristics such as (Family history, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, walk long, employment and urban), life events as (previous trauma, stress previous surgery),other variables such as (BMI, DM, HT, genitourinary, calcium intake).
Results: Smoking appeared in this study to be highly associated with knee osteoarthritis at (p-value =0.007), Sedentary lifestyle associated with development of knee Osteoarthritis (P-value =0.000).Unhealthy calcium intake was highly associated with development of knee osteoarthritis(P-Value=0.000),Walking for long distances appeared unexpected negatively associated with occurrence of knee Osteoarthritis(P-value=0.84). Employment appears unexpected negative associated with occurrence of knee Osteoarthritis (p-value= 0.129).
Conclusion: Obese Women, diabetes mellitus, genitourinary infection, stress and previous surgery are the high risk for developing knee osteoarthritis, while hypertensive women or women with previous trauma has low risks for developing knee osteoarthritis.
Recommendation: the study recommended avoiding sitting for long times, apply exercise regularly and encourage calcium intake for women to decrease the incidence of knee osteoarthritis.
Keyword: Risk factor, Knee ,Osteoarthritis ,Women

Background and aim: school violence could be a growing drawback that has received widespread attention. Violent behavior for school children is primarily expressed as physical or verbal aggression. Varied factors contribute to violent and aggression by kids at homes, schools or individual risk factors. The aim of the present study is to measure the prevalence of violence, risk factors, and different forms among elementary school children, to identify consequence of violent exposure and children with abnormal behavior score.
Materials and method: A descriptive study was done enrolling a total of 180 elementary students from school of Mosul city. Data collected from students‘s parents were: violence behavior, home and family atmosphere, peer relation, exposure to violence at school; being victimized, witness, or initiator, and other risk factors. Standardized questionnaires were used as Child Behavior checklist, parent forms of Strength and Difficulty questionnaires (SDQ).
Results: Prevalence of different forms of violence was higher in pupils their parents  have universal level of education (22.2%) equal in male and female, the majority of the male pupils had high violence in the age group( 9-11)years which constitute (28.8%) and in female pupils had high violence in the age group (6-8)years which constitute (20%), the pupils  had high violence in the middle economic status which constitute (33.3%)in male and (25.5)in female, the majority of the male pupils had high violence in the sixth class which constitute(13.3%) and female pupils  had high violence in the first class which constitute (10%).
Conclusion and recommendations: Abnormal and borderline ample SDQ square measure high among studied students, Follow up and supervising is required to prevent violence among them. An efficient model to direct student's behavior ought to receive additional concern at the school and residential level.