Mosul Journal of Nursing

Background and Objectives: A wide range of studies show that women who have experienced physical or sexual abuse. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the nature and common types of abusive behaviors (physical& psychological) which are imposed up on the women in Bab- Al-Moudham center and to find the relationship of such behaviors with the woman's demographic characteristics. Material and Method: A descriptive study was conducted in Bab- Al-Moudham center in Baghdad city during the period from 15th July to30th September 2011. A convenient (non probability) sample of(200) women at age(20) years and older was selected. The data was collected through the constructed questionnaire and interview technique was employed for the purpose of the study. Data were analyzed through frequency, percentage, chi- square, use cut of point and scoring level: physical abuse\ high 14, moderate 11-13, low 8-10, psychological abuse\ high 20, moderate 16-19, low11-15. Results: Distribution of demographic characteristics showed that the greater number of these women were( 20-24) years old, college graduate, not work, married and coming out from extended family, abusers consanguinity was the husband.
Conclusions: The study concluded that most of the women were exposed to some extent of abusive behaviors and the most common ones were screaming and yelling. Keywords: nature, types, abusive, behaviors, women. 

Background and Objectives: Iraqi hospitals needs the services of nurses throughout the 24 hours including night time, and it is very necessary to study the impacts of night work on nurses in many aspects such as physical health and work performance for those nurses. The nurses' health who working at night shift is essential issue that it should be have to take in considered. The night shift work may have a negative impact on the individual's health and ability to function, thus affecting the services provided. Therefore the study aimed to assess the effect of night shift on nurses in intensive care units at some hospitals of Nineveh governorate. Materials and Method: A descriptive study was conducted at five hospitals, which are Al-Salam hospital, Al-jumhory hospital, Ibn-Sena hospital, Al-hamdania hospital, and General Mosul hospital, (50) male and female nurses were chosen, A constructed questionnaire was used to collect the data from the 1st January 2013 to 1st March 2013. Data were analyze by using descriptive and inferential statistical (percentage, frequency, and chi-square). Results: The results reveal that there are significant relationship between the working at night shift and exposure of the nurses to some problems such as sleep disorders (32%), muscle strain (64%), persistent tiredness (32%), and exposure to needle stick injury (30%). Conclusion: the study concluded that nurses of all ages and of both gender are exposed to the risks of night shift work and these risks have negative impact on nurse's health. The majority of the nurses
complained of a number of problems when working on night shift such as muscle strain, sleep disorders, tiredness, and occupational injuries. Key Words: night shift, intensive care units, nurses

Background and Objectives: Proper feeding practices of children less than 2 years of age is important because it is the most critical period of life for optimal growth and development. This study aims to use the newly developed World Health Organization (WHO) infant feeding Indicators published in 2008, to assess complementary feeding practice in children 6-23 months of age in Mosul city. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six primary health care (PHC) centers in Mosul city during 3 months period from 11th of February to 11th of May 2013. The study sample consists of (422) healthy convenient children who attended (PHC) centers for immunization. The questionnaire data filled by the researcher in a direct interview with consent mothers, utilizing the key indicators recommended by the WHO (2008) used to assess infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices which include minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet calculated for the age ranges 6 –23 months of age, and based on the mother’s recall of foods given to her child in the 24 hours before the interview. The questionnaire subsumed inquires about source of feeding advice practiced by the studied mother. Statistical processing was conducted by the use of version 17 SPSS statistical package.
Results: A total of 422 children were enrolled in this study; 231(54.7 %) boys and 191 (45.3%) girls. The mean age of the studied children is 12.4 ± 4.97 months. Less than half 192(45.5 %) of the children 6–23 months of age met the minimum dietary diversity criteria whereas 334(79.1%) met the minimum meal frequency criteria and only 172(40.8%) of the sample achieve the minimum acceptable diet criteria. Grain is the most frequent type of food consumed by 6-23 months aged children followed by dairy products, fruits and vegetables, egg, vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables, and finally meat and legumes in decreasing frequency. Conclusion: the family was the principal source of advice on child feeding practice. Key words: Complementary feeding, Mosul, new WHO indicators, infant and young child feeding, dietary diversity, meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet.

Background and Objective: Intravenous (IV) solution is a scarce human resource and ensuring its safety
and clinical effectiveness requires investment – both human and financial. IV solution therapy is an
essential part of patient care. When used correctly, it saves life and improves health. The nurse has an
important and effective role in implementation and monitoring of care while IV solution infusion. The
present study aim is to assess the nursing care through intravenous solution therapy among children in
Mosul City.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was carried out in internal medicine wards and
emergency departments in Ibn-AL-Atheer teaching hospital, Ibn-Sina teaching hospital and AL-Khansa'a
teaching hospital in Mousl city for the period from 15th October / 2012 to 10th September / 2013 to assess
the nursing care throughout procedure of IV solution infusion therapy for children. The sample of the
study were convenience composed of (104) nurses while performing intravenous solution infusion in the
above hospitals' wards. A special observational tool was prepared utilizing available related literatures .
Content Validity of the tool was done through opinions of a panel of (24) experts, while the reliability of
tool was done through a pilot study that were r(Pre) = 0.77 , r(Intra) = 0.71 , r(Post) = 0.78 , and r(Total) = 0.74.
Results: The acceptable levels of the three stages of procedure as a results of the study were as; Preprocedure=
98.4%, Intra-procedure=70.6% and Post-procedure=52.6%.
Conclusion: The study concluded negligence in some activities are dangerous and can be fatal,
heedlessness in case the solution is suitable to be infused or not, and heedlessness or ignorance of
sterilization and disinfection. The study recommended that the nurses working in Intravenous solution
infusion must be highly qualified and efficient in regard to IV therapy. Standardized guidelines in respect
to sterilization and disinfection throughout each procedure.
Key words: assessment, nursing care, intravenous solution therapy, children.

Background and Objectives: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Several risk
factors were found to play a role in thyroid cancer. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for
thyroid cancer in Mosul city and to assess the relationship between some types of food and thyroid
cancer.
Materials and Methods: The Non-experimental Quantitative design (a Case – Control approach) was
used in this study. The study was conducted at AL-Jamhori Teaching Hospital, Al-Salam Teaching
Hospital, and Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Hospital in Mosul city. The period from 18th. October,
2012 to 20th, August, 2013. A formal consent was taken from all participants (case group and control
group) in questionnaire . A non probability purposive sample was selected that consisted (172) clients
divided into two groups, a case group (86) clients with thyroid cancer and a control group (86) clients
without goiter and thyroid cancer.
Results: According to the age, the highest percentage was in the age group (50-59 years),constituted
(34%)for the case group. The majority of the case group are female who were accounted (78.0%) female
to male ratio 4:1. The incidence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma according to histopathology was
increased for women compared with men specially papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Conclusion: The statistical analysis shows that there are significant relationship in previous history for
goiter, family history for thyroid cancer, and exposure to radio active iodine items with respect to the risk
factors of thyroid cancer.
Keywords: Assessment, Risk Factors, Thyroid Cancer.

Background and Objectives : Nutritional status has a significant impact on both health and disease. The
study aims to identify the nutritional status of critical patient with enteral feeding in RCU in Bagdad
Teaching Hospitals .
Methods and materials : A descriptive study was carried out. The sample consisted of 50 adult patients
with enteral feeding on mechanical ventilation in RCU , for the period from 1st of November 2010 to the
1st of April 2011 . The questionnaire tool was consisted of two parts, first one the demographical data and
the second part was related to the nutritional assessment scale physical and chemical .
Questionnaire tool was tested for its validity and reliability by a panel of experts with nursing specialty in
college of nursing . Descriptive and inferential procedures were used to analyze the data .
Results : The results of the study showed that the most of sample majority were male at age group of
(20-30) years old , free earning ( not employed ) with enteral feeding since 3-4 month , waist
circumference and mid circumference below normal standard.
Conclusion: Disoriented with wasted muscle anemic and low S. protein also the study showed
significant relation between period of patient on enteral tubation and occupation which revealed that there
situation was highly affected by there low income .
Keyword: (Nutritional Status, Enteral Feeding, critical patient.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus has become representing one of the most challenging public
health problems of the 21st century. It is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels
(hyperglycemia) which may arise from defects in the secretion of insulin, defects in insulin action, or both.
Diabetic patients suffering from worse quality of life in rural and urban area. Aims of the study were to
assess quality of life Type-2- of diabetic patients in rural and urban area , to identify the relationship
between some characteristics of diabetic patients and quality of life and comparison of quality of life of
diabetic patients between urban and rural area in Kirkuk city.
Material and Method: The non- experimental approach and descriptive design was used in this study . The
study was conducted at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city and Al-Hawija General Hospital at Al-
Hawija district during the period from 15th November 2012 to the 20th of June 2013 .Purposive sample
consists of (110) clients from urban area who visited Azadi Teaching Hospital and (110) clients from rural
area who visited Al-Hawija General Hospital . In order to collect the study information, a questionnaire was
constructed depending on the criteria of World Health Organization scale (WHO ) format that modified by
researcher and related literature. It composed of two parts , part one included ( 5 ) items which focused on
the client demographic characteristics such as (age, gender, marital status, residence , occupation , level of
education .Diabetes Mellitus Quality of life questionnaire is the instrument that consists of (5) domains. The
domains are Independence , daily physical activities , Psycho-social , beliefs , environmental and
circumstances. The overall questions includes (80 ) items. The questions were rated on (3) point- likert
scale. The score ranges between (0-240), never ( 1), sometimes (2), always (3).content validity was
determined by presenting the questionnaire to a panel of (10 ) experts.
Results: The data analysis shows that most of the type -2- diabetic patients were male in urban and rural
area and constituted (75.3% ) and ( 61.8 % ) respectively . In relation to the age , high percentage of the
sample were between age (55-64 ) years in urban and rural area and constituted (32.7% ) and (34.5 % )
respectively .Also the data analysis showed that there is a significant statistical association between health
related quality of life (HRQoL) items that are related to independency, daily physical activities, psychosocial
aspects ,beliefs and environmental circumstances. Also the study concluded that health problems of
diabetic patients related to quality of life differs in sub domains have mild effects on the quality of life of
patients with diabetic in rural than urban area .
Conclusions: The socio demographic characteristic of quality of life of type 2- diabetic clients (age,
gender, marital status, level of education, jobs ) are different in effects on independency, daily physical
activities, psycho-social aspects, beliefs and environment Quality of life of diabetic patients type -2- more
impact in rural than urban area.
Key words: Quality of Life, Diabetic Patients Type -2-, Urban, Rural

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. A
malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that can grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread
(metastasize) to distant areas of the body. The disease occurs almost entirely in women, but men can get
it, too. The aim of the present study is to assess nurses knowledge’s towards breast cancer in Azady
teaching hospital as well as to find out the relation ship between nurses genders and their knowledge
Material and Method: A descriptive study of a quantitative design were carried out at Azadi teaching
hospital from 1st of July, 2012, up to the 16th of April, 2013. A non-probability (purposive) sample of
(100) nurses were selected from nurses who working in Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city.
Developed questionnaire was constructed for the purpose of the study which contain (42) items: the
demographic data and knowledge of the nurses. The data were collected through the use of interview.
They were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis (frequency , percentage) and
inferential statistical data analysis (chi-square).
Results: The findings of the study indicated that most of the nurses were in age group between (23-27),
female, have (1-5) years of employment, graduated from medical institute, have not taken classes
about breast cancer
Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurses had good knowledge regarding general information of
breast cancer, breast self examination, signs and symptoms and treatment of breast cancers while there
knowledge regarding the risk factors of breast cancer were reasonable to some extent.
Key words: Breast cancer, Malignant tumor, Metastasize, Breast self-examination, cancer cells.